Vak (वाक्) - Revision history

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Fordharma: /* Introduction */ adding content

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Introduction: adding content

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created a new page for Vak

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Vak (Samskrit: वाक्) means speech. The Brhadaranyaka Upanishad has equated speech with Brahman. <blockquote>वाग्वै सम्राट्परमं ब्रह्म । (Brhd. Upan. 4.1.2)<ref>Brhadaranyaka Upanishad ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D_4p Adhyaya 4])</ref></blockquote>In Rigveda (also in Atharvaveda, Taittriya Aranyaka and Shatapatha Brahmana) we come across the four fold division of Vak (वाक्) an important aspect of Vyakarana.<ref>Subramanya Sharma. V. M. (2012) Ph.D Thesis: ''[http://hdl.handle.net/10603/105711 The Notion of Word in Vakyapadiyam.]'' Hyderabad : University of Hyderabad</ref><blockquote>चत्वारि वाक्परिमिता पदानि तानि विदुर्ब्राह्मणा ये मनीषिणः ।</blockquote><blockquote>गुहा त्रीणि निहिता नेङ्गयन्ति तुरीयं वाचो मनुष्या वदन्ति ॥४५॥ (Rig. Veda. 1.164.45)</blockquote>
[[Category:Vedangas]]

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-Vak (Samskrit: वाक्) means speech. Language study has early been considered vital in India to understand knowledge and consciousness, which is considered one with the Supreme Being in many schools of Indian philosophy. It is well known that the life of language has been given to us in the form of oral tradition, through the breath of utterance. The creative power of Vak is held in high esteem in Vedas. Upanishad uphold that the primordial Omkara, the Pranava represent all speech and it is that alone which manifests in different forms as all syllables.
+Vak (Samskrit: वाक्) means speech. Language study has early been considered vital in India to understand knowledge and consciousness, which is considered one with the Supreme Being in many schools of Indian philosophy. It is well known that the life of language has been given to us in the form of oral tradition, through the breath of utterance. The creative power of Vak is held in high esteem in Vedas. Upanishads uphold that the primordial Omkara, the [[Pranava (प्रणवः)|Pranava]] represents all speech and it is that alone which manifests in different forms as all syllables.
 Three words are used synonymously for language, namely bhasha (भाषा), vak (वाक्) and vaani (वाणी).
 == Introduction ==
-One scholar mentions that after going through all the passages referring to vak, it is possible to reduce the main shades of meaning to six:<ref>Narayanan, Sharda. (2012) ''Vakyapadiya, Sphota, Jati and Dravya''. New Delhi : D. K Printworld (P) Ltd.</ref>
+One scholar mentions that after going through all the passages referring to vak, it is possible to reduce the main shades of meaning to six:<ref name=":0">Narayanan, Sharda. (2012) ''Vakyapadiya, Sphota, Jati and Dravya''. New Delhi : D. K Printworld (P) Ltd.</ref>
 # Vak as devata,
 # Vak as a stuti (Prayer)
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 # Sound of inanimate objects like dundubhi, aksa, etc.,
 # Natural sound of water, thunder, etc.
-There are many quotations from the Vedic literature that amply illustrate the high regard that vak was held in. It is said that omkara represents all speech; that alone is manifest in different forms as all the syllables.
+The Brhadaranyaka Upanishad has equated speech with Brahman.  <blockquote>वाग्वै सम्राट्परमं ब्रह्म । (Brhd. Upan. 4.1.2)<ref>Brhadaranyaka Upanishad ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D_4p Adhyaya 4])</ref></blockquote>
-omkara eva hi sarva vak I saisa sparsesvabhivyajyamana bahvT nanarupa bhavati I
+== Vak in Vedas ==
-Omkara is the source of all the Vedas, all knowledge. The word "Brahma" also refers to knowledge. It is recorded in the Vedas that vak has created this diverse Universe; there is nothing more primary than vak itself.
+In the Vedas, language or Vak has a prominent role. In Rigveda, Vak is associated with Varuna, Indra, Agni, and Asvins. In the Brahmanas and other Vedas, Vak is identified with Sarasvati, who is the goddess of learning, wisdom and inspiration.
-The Brhadaranyaka Upanishad has equated speech with Brahman.  <blockquote>वाग्वै सम्राट्परमं ब्रह्म । (Brhd. Upan. 4.1.2)<ref>Brhadaranyaka Upanishad ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D_4p Adhyaya 4])</ref></blockquote>In Rigveda (also in Atharvaveda, Taittriya Aranyaka and Shatapatha Brahmana) we come across the four fold division of Vak (वाक्) an important aspect of Vyakarana.<ref>Subramanya Sharma. V. M. (2012) Ph.D Thesis: ''[http://hdl.handle.net/10603/105711 The Notion of Word in Vakyapadiyam.]'' Hyderabad : University of Hyderabad</ref><blockquote>चत्वारि वाक्परिमिता पदानि तानि विदुर्ब्राह्मणा ये मनीषिणः ।</blockquote><blockquote>गुहा त्रीणि निहिता नेङ्गयन्ति तुरीयं वाचो मनुष्या वदन्ति ॥४५॥ (Rig. Veda. 1.164.45)</blockquote>
+In Rigveda (also in Atharvaveda, Taittriya Aranyaka and Shatapatha Brahmana) we come across the four fold division of Vak (वाक्) given by nama, akhyana, upasarga and nipata as the vyakarana aspect of Vyakarana.<ref>Subramanya Sharma. V. M. (2012) Ph.D Thesis: ''[http://hdl.handle.net/10603/105711 The Notion of Word in Vakyapadiyam.]'' Hyderabad : University of Hyderabad</ref><blockquote>चत्वारि वाक्परिमिता पदानि तानि विदुर्ब्राह्मणा ये मनीषिणः । गुहा त्रीणि निहिता नेङ्गयन्ति तुरीयं वाचो मनुष्या वदन्ति ॥४५॥ (Rig. Veda. 1.164.45)</blockquote>Summary: There are four kinds of speech-sound; they being noun, verb, upasarga and nipata. They are seen by manishins (मनीषिणः who are those who have controlled their mind).<ref name=":12">Sastri. Subrahmaya. P. S. (1944) ''Lectures on Patanjali Mahabhashya. Vol 1. (Ahnikas 1 - 3).'' Annamalai Nagar: Annamalai University. (Pages 35-36)</ref>
 [[Category:Vedangas]]
 <references />

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 {{ToBeEdited}}
-Vak (Samskrit: वाक्) means speech. Language study has early been considered vital in India to understand knowledge and consciousness, which is considered one with the Supreme Being in many schools of Indian philosophy. Language has come down in an oral tradition.
+Vak (Samskrit: वाक्) means speech. Language study has early been considered vital in India to understand knowledge and consciousness, which is considered one with the Supreme Being in many schools of Indian philosophy. It is well known that the life of language has been given to us in the form of oral tradition, through the breath of utterance. The creative power of Vak is held in high esteem in Vedas. Upanishad uphold that the primordial Omkara, the Pranava represent all speech and it is that alone which manifests in different forms as all syllables.
-Kapil Kapoor summarizes the three words used for language, bhasha, vak and vani.
+Three words are used synonymously for language, namely bhasha (भाषा), vak (वाक्) and vaani (वाणी).
 == Introduction ==
-Pratibha Pingle writes that after going through all the passages referring to vak, it is possible to reduce the main shades of meaning to six:<ref>Narayanan, Sharda. (2012) ''Vakyapadiya, Sphota, Jati and Dravya''. New Delhi : D. K Printworld (P) Ltd.</ref>
+One scholar mentions that after going through all the passages referring to vak, it is possible to reduce the main shades of meaning to six:<ref>Narayanan, Sharda. (2012) ''Vakyapadiya, Sphota, Jati and Dravya''. New Delhi : D. K Printworld (P) Ltd.</ref>
 # Vak as devata,
 # Vak as a stuti (Prayer)

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 # Sound of inanimate objects like dundubhi, aksa, etc.,
 # Natural sound of water, thunder, etc.
-There are many quotations from the Vedic literature that amply illustrate the high regard that vdk was held in.
+There are many quotations from the Vedic literature that amply illustrate the high regard that vak was held in. It is said that omkara represents all speech; that alone is manifest in different forms as all the syllables.
 The Brhadaranyaka Upanishad has equated speech with Brahman.  <blockquote>वाग्वै सम्राट्परमं ब्रह्म । (Brhd. Upan. 4.1.2)<ref>Brhadaranyaka Upanishad ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D_4p Adhyaya 4])</ref></blockquote>In Rigveda (also in Atharvaveda, Taittriya Aranyaka and Shatapatha Brahmana) we come across the four fold division of Vak (वाक्) an important aspect of Vyakarana.<ref>Subramanya Sharma. V. M. (2012) Ph.D Thesis: ''[http://hdl.handle.net/10603/105711 The Notion of Word in Vakyapadiyam.]'' Hyderabad : University of Hyderabad</ref><blockquote>चत्वारि वाक्परिमिता पदानि तानि विदुर्ब्राह्मणा ये मनीषिणः ।</blockquote><blockquote>गुहा त्रीणि निहिता नेङ्गयन्ति तुरीयं वाचो मनुष्या वदन्ति ॥४५॥ (Rig. Veda. 1.164.45)</blockquote>
 [[Category:Vedangas]]
 <references />