Tantra (तन्त्रम्) - Revision history

Pṛthvī: Text replacement - "spiritual" to "adhyatmik"

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=== Occurrences of the word Tantra ===
ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १०.७१, Wikisource, Quote: "इमे ये नार्वाङ्न परश्चरन्ति न ब्राह्मणासो न सुतेकरासः । त एते वाचमभिपद्य पापया सिरी'''स्तन्त्रं''' तन्वते अप्रजज्ञयः ॥९॥"

Yajurveda, ''Taittiriya Brahmana'' 11.5.5.3

Sāmaveda, ''Tandya Brahmana''

10.7.42 of the ''Atharvaveda''

''Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa''

Pāṇini in ''Aṣṭādhyāyī'' 1.4.54 and 5.2.70

Īśvarakṛṣṇa author of ''Sānkhya Kārikā'' (''kārikā'' 70)

Chanakya on ''Arthaśāstra''

''Viṣṇu Purāṇa''

Gangdhar stone inscription in Rajasthan

Sabarasvamin's commentary on Mimamsa Sutra 11.1.1, 11.4.1 etc.

''Kāmikāgama'' or ''Kāmikā-tantra''

Abhinavagupta in his ''Tantrāloka''

Jayaratha, Abhinavagupta's commentator on ''Tantrāloka''

== References ==
Banerjee, Sures Chandra (1988). ''A Brief History of Tantra Literature''. Kolkata: Naya Prokash.

Kauṭalya; R. P. Kangle (1986). ''The Kautiliya Arthasastra''. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 512 with footnote. ISBN <bdi>978-81-208-0042-7</bdi>.

Bagchi, P.C. (1989). ''Evolution of the Tantras, Studies on the Tantras''. Kolkata: Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture. ISBN <bdi>978-81-85843-36-0</bdi>.

Banerjee, Sures Chandra (2002). ''Companion to Tantra''. Abhinav Publications. ISBN <bdi>978-1-70174-022-8</bdi>.

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 Each Tantra-Agama text consists of four parts:
-* Jnana pada, also called Vidya pada – consists of doctrine, the philosophical and spiritual knowledge, knowledge of reality and liberation.
+* Jnana pada, also called Vidya pada – consists of doctrine, the philosophical and adhyatmik knowledge, knowledge of reality and liberation.
 * Yoga pada - precepts on yoga, the physical and mental discipline.
 * Kriya pada - consists of rules for rituals, construction of temples (Mandir); design principles for sculpting, carving, and consecration of vigrahas of deities for worship in temples; for different forms of initiations or diksha. This code is analogous to those in Puranas.
@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 The Agama texts are premised on existence of Atman and the existence of an Ultimate Reality Brahman called Shiva in the Shaiva parampara, and Vishnu in Vaishnava parampara.
-Kashmir Shaiva Agamas posit absolute oneness, that is Shiva is within man, he is within every being, he is present everywhere in the world including all non-living beings, and there is no spiritual difference between life, matter, man and the supreme being.
+Kashmir Shaiva Agamas posit absolute oneness, that is Shiva is within man, he is within every being, he is present everywhere in the world including all non-living beings, and there is no adhyatmik difference between life, matter, man and the supreme being.
 === Tantra texts ===

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 * Charya pada - lays down rules of conduct, of worship (puja), observances of religious rites, rituals, festivals and prayaschittas.
 Elaborate rules are laid out in the Agamas for Shilpa (the art of sculpture) describing the quality requirements of the places where temples are to be built, the kind of murthis to be installed, the materials from which they are to be made, their dimensions, proportions, air circulation, lighting in the temple complex, etc. The Manasara and Silpasara are some of the works dealing with these rules. The rituals followed in worship services each day at the temple also follow rules laid out in the Agamas.
 === Tantra texts ===
@@ Line 138: / Line 142: @@
 This dialogue between Bhagavan and Devi is special feature of Tantra.
-The Tantra-Agama texts present a diverse range of philosophies that is discussed in Chapter 36 of Tantraloka of Abhinavagupta. The Tantras total ninety-two scriptures;
+The Tantra-Agama texts present a diverse range of philosophies that is discussed in Chapter 36 of Tantraloka of Abhinavagupta. The Shaiva Agamas total ninety-two scriptures;
 * Dvaita Agama texts - 10 (known as the ''Śiva'' Tantras.)
 * Bhedabheda Agama texts - 18 (known as the Rudra Tantras)
@@ Line 145: / Line 149: @@
 The ''Rudra'' Tantras and '<nowiki/>'''Śiva'''' Tantras are used by the Śaiva Siddhāntins, and thus are sometimes referred to as Shaiva Siddhanta Tantras, or Śaiva Siddhānta ''Āgamas''.
 === Occurrences of the word Tantra ===
@@ Line 219: / Line 274: @@
 Ghose, Rajeshwari (1996). The Tyāgarāja Cult in Tamilnāḍu: A Study in Conflict and Accommodation. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. <nowiki>ISBN 81-208-1391-X</nowiki>. [2]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 tantric traditions are found in Shaivism's Shaiva Siddhanta and the Mantrapīṭha (Bhairava-centred), and in Shaktism's Vidyāpīṭha and the Kulamārga traditions.
 The Agamas literature is voluminous, and includes
@@ Line 15: / Line 19: @@
 and numerous Upa-Agamas.
-The means of worship in the Tantric practice differs from the Vedic form. While the Vedic practice of yajna there are no idols and shrines, in its Tantric traditions, idols and symbolic icons with puja are the means of worship. Temples, symbolism, icons that remind the devotee of attributes and values are a necessary part of the Agamic practice. This, however, does not necessarily mean that Tantra-Agamas and Vedas are opposed. Tirumular, for example, explained their link as, "the Vedas are the path, and the Agamas are the horse".
+The means of worship in the Tantric practice differs from the Vedic form. While the Vedic practice of yajna there are no murtis and shrines, in its Tantric traditions, murtis and symbolic icons with puja are the means of worship. Temples, symbolism, icons that remind the devotee of attributes and values are a necessary part of the Agamic practice. This, however, does not necessarily mean that Tantra-Agamas and Vedas are opposed. Tirumular, for example, explained their link as, "the Vedas are the path, and the Agamas are the horse".
 Each Tantra-Agama text consists of four parts:
 * Jnana pada, also called Vidya pada – consists of doctrine, the philosophical and spiritual knowledge, knowledge of reality and liberation.
 * Yoga pada - precepts on yoga, the physical and mental discipline.
-* Kriya pada - consists of rules for rituals, construction of temples (Mandir); design principles for sculpting, carving, and consecration of idols of deities for worship in temples; for different forms of initiations or diksha. This code is analogous to those in Puranas.
+* Kriya pada - consists of rules for rituals, construction of temples (Mandir); design principles for sculpting, carving, and consecration of vigrahas of deities for worship in temples; for different forms of initiations or diksha. This code is analogous to those in Puranas.
 * Charya pada - lays down rules of conduct, of worship (puja), observances of religious rites, rituals, festivals and prayaschittas.
 === Tantra texts ===
@@ Line 139: / Line 144: @@
 The Bhairava Shastras are advaitik Tantra texts, while Shiva Shastras are dvaitik.
-The ''Rudra'' Tantras and ''''Śiva'''' Tantras are used by the Śaiva Siddhāntins, and thus are sometimes referred to as Shaiva Siddhanta Tantras, or Śaiva Siddhānta ''Āgamas''.
+The ''Rudra'' Tantras and '<nowiki/>'''Śiva'''' Tantras are used by the Śaiva Siddhāntins, and thus are sometimes referred to as Shaiva Siddhanta Tantras, or Śaiva Siddhānta ''Āgamas''.
 === Occurrences of the word Tantra ===
@@ Line 210: / Line 215: @@
 Bagchi, P.C. (1986). ''Kaulajnana-nirnaya of the School of Matsyendranath Varanasi: Prachya Prakashan''. Magee, Michael (trans.).

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-based on the Sanskrit texts called the Tantras, Samhitas, and Agamas. They were also called agamas in Shaivism, samhita or ''Pancaratra'' in Vaishnavism, and as tantras in Shaktism.
+{{NeedCitation}}
 the term "Tantrika" is based on a comment by Kulluka Bhatta on ''Manava Dharmasastra 2.1''
@@ Line 18: / Line 22: @@
 * Kriya pada - consists of rules for rituals, construction of temples (Mandir); design principles for sculpting, carving, and consecration of idols of deities for worship in temples; for different forms of initiations or diksha. This code is analogous to those in Puranas.
 * Charya pada - lays down rules of conduct, of worship (puja), observances of religious rites, rituals, festivals and prayaschittas.
-The Tantra-Agama texts present a diverse range of philosophies that is discussed in Chapter 36 of Tantraloka of Abhinavagupta. Number of Shaivagama texts and their nature:
-* Dvaita Agama texts - 10
+=== Tantra texts ===
-* Bhedabheda Agama texts - 18
+The different types of Tantric literature are tantra, Āgama, saṃhitā, sūtra, upaniṣad, purāṇa, tīkā (commentaries), prakaraṇa, paddhati texts, stotra, kavaca, nighaṇṭu, koṣa and hagiographical literature. They are written in Sanskrit and in regional languages. The major textual Tantra traditions with some key exemplary texts is as follows:
-* Advaita Agama texts - 64
+* Śaiva – Sadaśiva (Śivagama), Vāma or Tumburu, Dakṣiṇa or Bhairava
 The Bhairava Shastras are advaitik Tantra texts, while Shiva Shastras are dvaitik.
 === Occurrences of the word Tantra ===
@@ Line 79: / Line 196: @@
 Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1959), Tantra and its Effect on Society, Bhagalpur: Ananda Marga Pubs

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 === Occurrences of the word Tantra ===
 ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १०.७१, Wikisource, Quote: "इमे ये नार्वाङ्न परश्चरन्ति न ब्राह्मणासो न सुतेकरासः । त एते वाचमभिपद्य पापया सिरी'''स्तन्त्रं''' तन्वते अप्रजज्ञयः ॥९॥"
@@ Line 11: / Line 36: @@
 Pāṇini in ''Aṣṭādhyāyī'' 1.4.54 and 5.2.70
 Īśvarakṛṣṇa author of ''Sānkhya Kārikā'' (''kārikā'' 70)
@@ Line 20: / Line 47: @@
 Gangdhar stone inscription in Rajasthan
-Sabarasvamin's commentary on Mimamsa Sutra 11.1.1, 11.4.1 etc.
+The Mimamsa school uses the term tantra extensively.
 ''Kāmikāgama'' or ''Kāmikā-tantra''
@@ Line 36: / Line 65: @@
 Banerjee, Sures Chandra (2002). ''Companion to Tantra''. Abhinav Publications. ISBN <bdi>978-1-70174-022-8</bdi>.