Suvarnaprashana (सुवर्णप्राशनम्) - Revision history

DrDevashree at 12:06, 8 July 2022

2022-07-08T12:06:18Z

DrDevashree at 09:13, 8 July 2022

2022-07-08T09:13:07Z

DrDevashree at 10:20, 6 July 2022

2022-07-06T10:20:56Z

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DrDevashree: /* Plausible Mechanisms of Swarna Prashana */

2022-07-04T11:45:21Z

Plausible Mechanisms of Swarna Prashana

DrDevashree: /* Plausible Mechanisms of Swarna Prashana */

2022-07-04T11:42:40Z

Plausible Mechanisms of Swarna Prashana

DrDevashree: /* Role of Suvarnaprashana validated by research studies */

2022-07-04T11:40:06Z

Role of Suvarnaprashana validated by research studies

DrDevashree: /* Plausible Mechanisms of Swarna Prashana */

2022-07-04T08:31:21Z

Plausible Mechanisms of Swarna Prashana

DrDevashree at 10:00, 1 July 2022

2022-07-01T10:00:46Z

DrDevashree: /* Effect of Suvarnaprashana seen in clinical research studies */

2022-06-29T13:34:14Z

Effect of Suvarnaprashana seen in clinical research studies

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DrDevashree: /* As per classics or Ayurveda literature */

2022-06-29T12:24:20Z

As per classics or Ayurveda literature

@@ Line 147: / Line 147: @@
 The potential application of swarna prashana in immunomodulation is the development of both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine.
-== Hypothesis ==
+== Scope for future research  ==
-Suvarnaprashana boosts immunity, protein metabolism and optimum secretion of growth hormone in children of growing age.
+Effect of Suvarnaprashana on growth hormone secretion and protein metabolism can be assessed to understand the mechanism by which it helps increase height, weight etc. in Children of growing age.
 == References ==
 <references />
 [[Category:Ayurveda]]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 [[Samskaras (संस्काराः)]] in Sanatana dharma are known as the rites of passage performed for purification of a human being or to generate or to infuse particular qualities in a person to prepare him for the new stages of life. Among 16 samskaras described in Grhyasutras [[Jatakarma (जातकर्म)|Jatakarma]] (जातकर्म ceremony at birth) and [[Chudakarma (चुडाकर्म )|Chudakarma]] (चुडाकर्म tonsure ceremony) are the 2 childhood samskaras which are performed to get rid of the impurities, which may be present in the ''Bija'' (बीजाः sperm and ovum) and also due to the stay inside the womb as ''Garbha'' (गर्भः fetus). Here, ''Jatakarma Samskara'' (जातकर्म संस्कारः newborn care) is told as a purification procedure, in which soon after cutting the umbilical cord the baby is made to lick the mixture of gold, honey, and ghee by chanting ''Mantra'' (मन्त्राः spiritual hymns). <ref>Bhatta K, Pt. Haragovinda Sastri, editors. 7th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2003. Manu, Manusmruti, 2/27-29; p. 43.</ref> <ref name=":0">Jyothy KB, Sheshagiri S, Patel KS, Rajagopala S. A critical appraisal on Swarnaprashana in children. ''Ayu''. 2014;35(4):361-365. doi:10.4103/0974-8520.158978</ref> Therefore Suvarnaprashana has been the integral part of jatakarma samskara since long time in Bharata. A newly born baby has a very weak and immature immune system. Owing to this, utmost care must be taken to protect the baby and implement measures that would boost the baby's immunity till the baby develops it by self. For this, now-a-days we give various different vaccines to the child to provide immunity against multiple diseases. In ancient India, the same purpose was served with the use of Suvarnaprashana. Thus Suvarnaprashana is also popularly known as the Ayurvedic vaccination method. However, the scope of Suvarnaprashana is far beyond that.
-==== जातकर्मसंस्कारांतर्गम् सुवर्णप्राशनम् ॥ Suvarnaprashana in Jatakarma Samskara ====
+==== जातकर्मसंस्कारांतर्गतम् सुवर्णप्राशनम् ॥ Suvarnaprashana in Jatakarma Samskara ====
 Immediately after delivery of a baby, for first 4 days, there is mostly no adequate secretion of the breast milk. Thus newborn baby might not get sufficient breastmilk for growth and nourishment. Along with this there could arise some situations were the mother of the baby is not available to breast feed the baby due to any possible cause. In such crucial scenarios, there is a necessity to search for certain feeds which can provide nourishment as well as essential nutrients to support baby's growth and development. Ayurveda acharyas have recommended ''''lehana'''<nowiki/>' (लेहनम्) in such instances. Lehana indicates certain supplementary feeds in linctus (semisolid/fluid) form that facilitate nourishment, growth, protection and development of the baby with or without breastmilk. Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhata have suggested use of gold in such lehanas. Under Jatakarma samskara, Acharya Sushruta suggests, administration of Suvarna (gold) along with honey and ghee as a single dose at birth in the procedure of new born care. Acharya Vagbhata also provides formula that includes suvarna (gold) along with the combination of other herbs under Jatakarma samskara. <ref name=":0" />

@@ Line 138: / Line 138: @@
 == Plausible Mechanisms of Swarna Prashana ==
-Ancient literature of Ayurveda suggests that the colloidal preparation of swarna (gold particles) with honey and ghee would significantly induce robust immunity similar to the vaccines. Various studies have already shown that, Gold particles are the most promising ones which do not affect living cells and do not produce adverse effects. Suvarnaprashana comprises of administration of colloidal formulation of gold wherein the gold particles are of various different size, shape, charge and bio-molecular compositions. Owing to the molecular ingredients found in ghee and honey, these particles retain high stability, low toxicity and and immunogenicity. The molecular ingredients also contain sugars, amino acids, proteins, lipids, vitamins and other components. All these components help in capping the gold particles in Suvarnaprashana medicine which therefore '''exhibits multivalent interactions between the particle and membrane receptor of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells.''' Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the human immune system. These cells are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. These cells are especially sensitive to signals derived from microbes, allergens, and the airway tissue microenvironment. Moreover these cells also effectively link the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Therefore '''targeting these dendritic cells is considered to be one of the efficient strategies in promoting immunotherapies and vaccine development. Thus, Suvanraprashana modulates the immunity by acting on cells like dendritic cells.'''
+Ancient literature of Ayurveda suggests that the colloidal preparation of swarna (gold particles) with honey and ghee would significantly induce robust immunity similar to the vaccines. Various studies have already shown that, Gold particles are the most promising ones which do not affect living cells and do not produce adverse effects. Suvarnaprashana comprises of administration of colloidal formulation of gold wherein the gold particles are of various different size, shape, charge and bio-molecular compositions. Owing to the molecular ingredients found in ghee and honey, these particles retain high stability, low toxicity and and immunogenicity. The molecular ingredients also contain sugars, amino acids, proteins, lipids, vitamins and other components. All these components help in capping the gold particles in Suvarnaprashana medicine which therefore '''exhibits multivalent interactions between the particle and membrane receptor of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells.''' Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the human immune system. These cells are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. These cells are especially sensitive to signals derived from microbes, allergens, and the airway tissue microenvironment. Moreover these cells also effectively link the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Therefore '''targeting these dendritic cells is considered to be one of the efficient strategies in promoting immunotherapies and vaccine development. Thus, Suvanraprashana modulates the immunity by acting on cells like dendritic cells.'''<ref name=":4" />
-The plausible mechanism by which Suvarna prashana affects dendritic cells function is as follows,
+The plausible mechanism by which Suvarna prashana affects dendritic cells function is as follows,<ref name=":4" />
 * Immature dendritic cells uptake and internalize particles of Suvarnaprashana in their cytosol by various methods.
-* Then the immature cells differentiate into mature dendritic cells evident by morphological changes in dendritic cells as well as expression of immune markers like CD 83 & CD 86.
+* Then the immature cells differentiate into mature dendritic cells evident by morphological changes in dendritic cells as well as expression of immune markers like CD 83 & CD 86 which are the immune markers.
 * since the gold particles in this SP formulation comprise of mosaic features in terms of size, shape, charge, and composition, after internalization they cause intercellular trafficking in dendritic cells Therefore, dendritic cells present multiple antigens effectively to the T cells. This can lead to development of Non-specific immunity in a child which can protect the child from multiple infectious diseases and improve tolerance as well.

@@ Line 140: / Line 140: @@
 Ancient literature of Ayurveda suggests that the colloidal preparation of swarna (gold particles) with honey and ghee would significantly induce robust immunity similar to the vaccines. Various studies have already shown that, Gold particles are the most promising ones which do not affect living cells and do not produce adverse effects. Suvarnaprashana comprises of administration of colloidal formulation of gold wherein the gold particles are of various different size, shape, charge and bio-molecular compositions. Owing to the molecular ingredients found in ghee and honey, these particles retain high stability, low toxicity and and immunogenicity. The molecular ingredients also contain sugars, amino acids, proteins, lipids, vitamins and other components. All these components help in capping the gold particles in Suvarnaprashana medicine which therefore '''exhibits multivalent interactions between the particle and membrane receptor of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells.''' Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the human immune system. These cells are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. These cells are especially sensitive to signals derived from microbes, allergens, and the airway tissue microenvironment. Moreover these cells also effectively link the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Therefore '''targeting these dendritic cells is considered to be one of the efficient strategies in promoting immunotherapies and vaccine development. Thus, Suvanraprashana modulates the immunity by acting on cells like dendritic cells.'''
-'''The plausible mechanism by which Suvarna prashana affects dendritic cells function is as follows,'''
+The plausible mechanism by which Suvarna prashana affects dendritic cells function is as follows,
-Immature dendritic cells uptake and internalize particles of Suvarnaprashana in their cytosol by various methods.
+* Immature dendritic cells uptake and internalize particles of Suvarnaprashana in their cytosol by various methods.
+* Then the immature cells differentiate into mature dendritic cells evident by morphological changes in dendritic cells as well as expression of immune markers like CD 83 & CD 86.
-Then the immature cells differentiate into mature dendritic cells evident by morphological changes in dendritic cells as well as expression of immune markers like CD 83 & CD 86.
+* since the gold particles in this SP formulation comprise of mosaic features in terms of size, shape, charge, and composition, after internalization they cause intercellular trafficking in dendritic cells Therefore, dendritic cells present multiple antigens effectively to the T cells. This can lead to development of Non-specific immunity in a child which can protect the child from multiple infectious diseases and improve tolerance as well.
 The potential application of swarna prashana in immunomodulation is the development of both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine.
 == Hypothesis ==
-Suvarnaprashana boosts immune system, protein metabolism and optimum secretion of growth hormone in children of growing age.
+Suvarnaprashana boosts immunity, protein metabolism and optimum secretion of growth hormone in children of growing age.
 == References ==
 <references />
 [[Category:Ayurveda]]

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 * One experimental study of suvarna bhasma conducted on immature rats showed that there is a significant stimulatory effect of gold chloride on female reproductive activity. The traces of gold have been found in endometrium and decidua of uterus in females and highest percentage of gold has been found in the semen fluid of males.<ref name=":0" />
 * One more study reports state that, colloidal gold colloidal is found to improve cognitive functioning, which was measured in that study by IQ scores. <ref name=":0" />
 === Forms of Suvarna used in Ayurveda medicine ===
@@ Line 65: / Line 66: @@
 * Eliminates grahas which indicates protection from disease causing microorganisms and evil energies affecting mind. Which means Suvarnaprashana can strengthen and protect physical as well as mental components of health
 * The one special benefit of suvarnavacha type of Suvarmaprashana is improvement of speech. Practitioners advise administration of suvarnavacha in infants after 3 months of age till 5-6 years or 12 years. There is one clinical study which reports immunomodulatory effects of suvarna vacha in neonates without any toxicity.<ref name=":2" />
 Along with this, Ayurveda scholars have also studied the effects of Suvarnaprashana given for a specific duration. Based on that, what results its shows when taken for a specific duration of time have been stated as below,<blockquote>
@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 All the above said benefits are indicating the enhancement of all favorable factors required for proper growth and development of a child, which is considered to be rapid during Shaishavavastha (infancy).
-=== Role of Suvarnaprashana validated by research studies ===
+=== Role of Suvarnaprashana validated by scientific studies ===
-Various scientific research studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Suvarna (Gold) bhasma and and Suvarnabindu (Medicinal formulation used for Suvarnaprashana) used in  in Ayurveda. The reports of the studies show that,<ref>Nelaturi P, Nagarajan P, Sabapathy SK, Sambandam R. Swarna Bindu Prashana-an Ancient Approach to Improve the Infant's Immunity. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Jun;199(6):2145-2148. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02353-y. Epub 2020 Aug 27. PMID: 32856248; PMCID: PMC7451701.</ref>
+Various scientific research studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Suvarna (Gold) bhasma and and Suvarnabindu (Medicinal formulation used for Suvarnaprashana) used in  in Ayurveda. The reports of the studies show that,<ref name=":4">Nelaturi P, Nagarajan P, Sabapathy SK, Sambandam R. Swarna Bindu Prashana-an Ancient Approach to Improve the Infant's Immunity. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Jun;199(6):2145-2148. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02353-y. Epub 2020 Aug 27. PMID: 32856248; PMCID: PMC7451701.</ref>
 * Suvarna bhasma possesses antioxidant, antidepressant, anti-cancerous, antibacterial, and anti-rheumatoid property and acts as a nerve stimulant.
-* Immunomodulatory activity of Gold has been proved in some studies because of gold's antibacterial action against different organisms. But when the gold is mixed with honey and clarified butter or ghee as in Suvarnaprashana is is found to widen the spectrum of its action to stimulate body immune cells.
+* Immunomodulatory activity of Gold has been proved in some studies because of gold's antibacterial action against different organisms. But when the gold is mixed with honey and clarified butter or ghee as in Suvarnaprashana, it is found to widen the spectrum of its action to stimulate body immune cells.
-* Suvarna prashana is believed to activate non-specific immunity by activating both ellular and humoral immunity. This activity of SP is supposed to be as a result of the actual chemical stucture of gold in SP where it is combined with ghee and honey making it encapsulated and develop into particles of various size, shape, charges, and composition. This activity helps to train immune system to identify and defend human system from many different types of antigens and develop immunity against wide range of pathogens and their mutations as well. It is evident that gold nanoparticles are efficiently interacting with the target cells in terms of immunological responses and cytotoxicity
+* Suvarna prashana is believed to activate non-specific immunity by activating both cellular and humoral immunity. This activity of SP is supposed to be as a result of the chemical structure of gold in SP. Due to the combination of purified calcinated gold, ghee and honey, The gold nanoparticles become encapsulated and develop into particles of various size, shape, charges, and composition. This activity helps to train immune system to identify and defend human system from many different types of antigens having different forms and develop immunity against wide range of pathogens along with their mutated forms. It is evident that gold nanoparticles are efficiently interacting with the target cells in terms of immunological responses and cytotoxicity
-=== Effect of Suvarnaprashana seen in clinical research studies ===
+=== Efficacy and safety of Suvarnaprashana seen in clinical research studies ===
 Multiple studies have been conducted on Suvarnaprashana done using suvarna bhasma. Most of the studies have assessed the effects of Suvarnaprashana on growth, development, disease characteristics, intelligence quotient, quality of life, hematological, biochemical or immunological parameters in children upto 12 to 15 years of age.<ref name=":1">Antony C. et.al. : A Scoping Review on the Health outcomes of Suvarnaprashana in apparently healthy children. Annals of Ayurvedic Medicine Vol-10 Issue-1 Jan.-Mar., 2021</ref> Newborns including preterm infants have also been included in some studies.
@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+
+!
 !Parameter
@@ Line 137: / Line 138: @@
 == Plausible Mechanisms of Swarna Prashana ==
-Ancient scripts have suggested that the colloidal preparation of swarna (gold particles) with honey and ghee would significantly induce robust immunity like vaccines [4, 8, 10]. Gold particles are the most promising ones which do not affect living cells and do not produce adverse effects [20].
+Ancient literature of Ayurveda suggests that the colloidal preparation of swarna (gold particles) with honey and ghee would significantly induce robust immunity similar to the vaccines. Various studies have already shown that, Gold particles are the most promising ones which do not affect living cells and do not produce adverse effects. Suvarnaprashana comprises of administration of colloidal formulation of gold wherein the gold particles are of various different size, shape, charge and bio-molecular compositions. Owing to the molecular ingredients found in ghee and honey, these particles retain high stability, low toxicity and and immunogenicity. The molecular ingredients also contain sugars, amino acids, proteins, lipids, vitamins and other components. All these components help in capping the gold particles in Suvarnaprashana medicine which therefore '''exhibits multivalent interactions between the particle and membrane receptor of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells.''' Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the human immune system. These cells are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. These cells are especially sensitive to signals derived from microbes, allergens, and the airway tissue microenvironment. Moreover these cells also effectively link the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Therefore '''targeting these dendritic cells is considered to be one of the efficient strategies in promoting immunotherapies and vaccine development. Thus, Suvanraprashana modulates the immunity by acting on cells like dendritic cells.'''
-(TBE)Swarna prashana is related to the smaller gold particles perhaps containing wide variation in shapes, sizes, charges, and bio-molecular compositions [4]. These particles retain high stability, low toxicity, and immunogenicity conjugation due to the molecular ingredients found in ghee and honey [21]. The molecular ingredients contain sugars, amino acids, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and other components [10]. Moreover, these components help in capping the gold particles in swarna prashan which exhibits multivalent interactions between the particle and membrane receptor of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells [1, 4, 8]. '''Targeting these dendritic cells is considered to be one of the efficient strategies in promoting immunotherapies and vaccine development [8].'''
+Then the immature cells differentiate into mature dendritic cells evident by morphological changes in dendritic cells as well as expression of immune markers like CD 83 & CD 86.
-Therefore, the plausible mechanism of swarna prashana in interacting with dendritic cells is as follows: dendritic cells opt several mechanisms in the internalization of swarna prashana particles including receptor-mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis [1, 4, 5, 20]. Immature dendritic cells will uptake and internalize the swarna prashana particles in the cytosol. As a result, immature dendritic cells differentiate into mature dendritic that causes '''expression of CD83 and CD86 and also morphological changes in the maturation of the dendritic cells''' [8] (Fig. 1). The internalized particles, namely, antigens, are processed in the cytoplasm and '''initiate T cell response based on antigen presented through MHC complex''' [4, 7, 19]. Interestingly, swarna prashana particles comprise of mosaic features in terms of size, shape, charge, and composition of the particles which results in intercellular trafficking in dendritic cells [1, 4]. Therefore, dendritic cells present multiple antigens effectively to the T cells [20]. It is believed that the activated dendritic cells and T cells require soluble cytokines including IL-7, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-23, TNF, and IFN to exhibit immunogenic response [4, 8]. The potential application of swarna prashana in immunomodulation is the development of both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine [4, 8, 19].
+since the gold particles in this SP formulation comprise of mosaic features in terms of size, shape, charge, and composition, after internalization they cause intercellular trafficking in dendritic cells Therefore, dendritic cells present multiple antigens effectively to the T cells.
-'''It is believed that gold is used in ayurvedic, herbal, and herbo-mineral preparations for the treatment of chronic and degenerative disease without any side effect [12, 13, 17]. The advantages of biodegradable gold particles are utilization in the vaccinated organism, high loading efficiency for the target substance, enhanced ability to cross various physiological barriers, and low systemic side effects.''' In all likelihood, the immune actions of biodegradable nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles as corpuscular carriers are similar. T'''he recent data indicating low toxicity of gold nanoparticles makes it being used in the development of next-generation vaccines [1, 8, 16].''' However, no extensive studies on animals or cell lines model are available, and further clinical trials are required on interaction of swarna prashana particles and human functions.
+The potential application of swarna prashana in immunomodulation is the development of both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine.
 == Hypothesis ==
@@ Line 149: / Line 154: @@
 == References ==

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 षड्‍ भिः मासैः श्रुतधरः सुवर्णप्राशनाद्भवेत्॥ (Kash. Samh. Sutra 18.26-27)<ref name=":12" /></blockquote>
 * If administered for 1 month, the child will become Parama Medhavi (highly intelligent) and will not be affected by any disease (Immune)
-* If administered for 6 months, the baby will become Srutadhara (will be able to remember the things, which are just heard).
+* If administered for 6 months, the baby will become Shrutadhara (will be able to remember the things, which are just heard).
 All the above said benefits are indicating the enhancement of all favorable factors required for proper growth and development of a child, which is considered to be rapid during Shaishavavastha (infancy).
-=== Role of Suvarnaprashana validated by experimental studies ===
+=== Role of Suvarnaprashana validated by research studies ===
-In swarna prashana, gold particles are encapsulated by honey, ghee, and herbs, and it helps the gold particles to form into various size, shape, charges, and composition. This irregular form of the gold particles in swarna prashana may induce the non-specific immunity by activating both cellular and humoral immunity [4, 9, 11, 12]. In general, pathogens undergo several mutations naturally or induced by man. Therefore, human system which acquired non-specific immunity will be ready to defend against any pathogens and inflammatory substances that enter or develop in our system [13]. It is evident that gold nanoparticles are efficiently interacting with the target cells in terms of immunological responses and cytotoxicity [14].
+Various scientific research studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Suvarna (Gold) bhasma and and Suvarnabindu (Medicinal formulation used for Suvarnaprashana) used in  in Ayurveda. The reports of the studies show that,<ref>Nelaturi P, Nagarajan P, Sabapathy SK, Sambandam R. Swarna Bindu Prashana-an Ancient Approach to Improve the Infant's Immunity. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Jun;199(6):2145-2148. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02353-y. Epub 2020 Aug 27. PMID: 32856248; PMCID: PMC7451701.</ref>
-Gold has already proved its immune-modulatory effects because of its antibacterial action against different organisms, but when it is mixed with kinds of honey and clarified butter, it widens its spectrum of action to stimulate body immune cells [4, 5, 16]
+* Suvarna bhasma possesses antioxidant, antidepressant, anti-cancerous, antibacterial, and anti-rheumatoid property and acts as a nerve stimulant.
 === Effect of Suvarnaprashana seen in clinical research studies ===
@@ Line 135: / Line 137: @@
 == Plausible Mechanisms of Swarna Prashana ==
-(TBE)Swarna prashana is related to the smaller gold particles perhaps containing wide variation in shapes, sizes, charges, and bio-molecular compositions [4]. These particles retain high stability, low toxicity, and immunogenicity conjugation due to the molecular ingredients found in ghee and honey [21]. The molecular ingredients contain sugars, amino acids, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and other components [10]. Moreover, these components help in capping the gold particles in swarna prashan which exhibits multivalent interactions between the particle and membrane receptor of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells [1, 4, 8]. Targeting these dendritic cells is considered to be one of the efficient strategies in promoting immunotherapies and vaccine development [8]. Therefore, the plausible mechanism of swarna prashana in interacting with dendritic cells is as follows: dendritic cells opt several mechanisms in the internalization of swarna prashana particles including receptor-mediated endocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis [1, 4, 5, 20]. Immature dendritic cells will uptake and internalize the swarna prashana particles in the cytosol. As a result, immature dendritic cells differentiate into mature dendritic that causes expression of CD83 and CD86 and also morphological changes in the maturation of the dendritic cells [8] (Fig. 1). The internalized particles, namely, antigens, are processed in the cytoplasm and initiate T cell response based on antigen presented through MHC complex [4, 7, 19]. Interestingly, swarna prashana particles comprise of mosaic features in terms of size, shape, charge, and composition of the particles which results in intercellular trafficking in dendritic cells [1, 4]. Therefore, dendritic cells present multiple antigens effectively to the T cells [20]. It is believed that the activated dendritic cells and T cells require soluble cytokines including IL-7, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-23, TNF, and IFN to exhibit immunogenic response [4, 8]. The potential application of swarna prashana in immunomodulation is the development of both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine [4, 8, 19]. Ancient scripts have suggested that the colloidal preparation of swarna (gold particles) with honey and ghee would significantly induce robust immunity like vaccines [4, 8, 10]. Gold particles are the most promising ones which do not affect living cells and do not produce adverse effects [20]. It is believed that gold is used in ayurvedic, herbal, and herbo-mineral preparations for the treatment of chronic and degenerative disease without any side effect [12, 13, 17]. The advantages of biodegradable gold particles are utilization in the vaccinated organism, high loading efficiency for the target substance, enhanced ability to cross various physiological barriers, and low systemic side effects. In all likelihood, the immune actions of biodegradable nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles as corpuscular carriers are similar. The recent data indicating low toxicity of gold nanoparticles makes it being used in the development of next-generation vaccines [1, 8, 16]. However, no extensive studies on animals or cell lines model are available, and further clinical trials are required on interaction of swarna prashana particles and human functions.
+Ancient scripts have suggested that the colloidal preparation of swarna (gold particles) with honey and ghee would significantly induce robust immunity like vaccines [4, 8, 10]. Gold particles are the most promising ones which do not affect living cells and do not produce adverse effects [20].
 == Hypothesis ==

@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 All the above said benefits are indicating the enhancement of all favorable factors required for proper growth and development of a child, which is considered to be rapid during Shaishavavastha (infancy).
 === Effect of Suvarnaprashana seen in clinical research studies ===
@@ Line 127: / Line 132: @@
 ==== Safety profile ====
 The gold use din Suvanraprashan is in purified and calcinated form known as Bhasma. Such processed form of gold has proven its safety since long time in may studies.<ref>Paul W, Sharma CP. Blood compatibility studies of Swarna bhasma (gold bhasma), an Ayurvedic drug. Int J Ayurveda Res. 2011 Jan;2(1):14-22. doi: 10.4103/0974-7788.83183. PMID: 21897638; PMCID: PMC3157103.</ref> <ref>Biswas S et al. Physicochemical characterization of Suvarna Bhasma, its toxicity profiling in rat and behavioural assessment in zebrafish model. Journal of Ethnopharmacology; Volume 249:2020,112388, ISSN 0378-8741. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112388</nowiki>.</ref>Apart from that, in none of the clinical studies conducted on Suvarnaprashana, any adverse effects on the children have been reported.<ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":3" /> Therefore it can be stated that, Suvarnaprashana medicine prepared by an authentic, registered [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidya]] or a pharmaceutical brand is safe for use. However it is best to take suvarnaprashana under a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidya's]] guidance.
 == Hypothesis ==

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 == Present day Suvarnaprashana ==
-Original classical descriptions on Suvarna prashana in Kashyapa samhita and even other texts use metallic gold for the therapy. The gold in metallic form rubbed on a clean rubbing stone with water releases fine gold particles on the surface. These fine particles were then mixed with ghee and honey and then used as a linctus in Suvarnaprashana therapy. One more form of metallic gold use din this therapy is popular as Suvarna vacha yoga. In this method, purified gold wire is inserted into processed underground stem (dry or fresh) of herb named Vacha (Acorus calomus). Later when the herb grows upto a certain level, the part of herb inserted with gold wire is removed. This golden part of herb is rubbed on a clean rubbing stone (5-6 rotations) with milk or water, so as to get fine gold particles along with a paste of the herb vacha. The released gold along with the herbal powder is then mixed with honey-ghee and then it is used for suvarna prashana. These are the classical methods of Suvarnaprashana described in Ayurveda literature. However along with time and advances in Rasashastra branch of Ayurveda which entirely deals with making of safe and effective medicinal formulations from metals and minerals, Suvarnaprashana therapy has also evolved. Considering bhasma form of gold safer than the mere metallic form, now-a-days, at most of the places,  Suvarnaprashana is done using bhasma (purified calcinated) form of gold.<ref>Patil, Vaidya Vasant & Samant, Chetali & Baragi, Umapati. (2014). SUVARNAPRASHANA THERAPY IN CHILDREN; CONCEPTS, PRACTICE AND PROSPECTS. Journal of Ayurveda and holistic medicine. II. 1-3.</ref> The present day Suvarnaprashana practice is described below,
+Original classical descriptions on Suvarna prashana in Kashyapa samhita and even other texts use metallic gold for the therapy. The gold in metallic form rubbed on a clean rubbing stone with water releases fine gold particles on the surface. These fine particles were then mixed with ghee and honey and then used as a linctus in Suvarnaprashana therapy. One more form of metallic gold use din this therapy is popular as Suvarna vacha yoga. In this method, purified gold wire is inserted into processed underground stem (dry or fresh) of herb named Vacha (Acorus calomus). Later when the herb grows upto a certain level, the part of herb inserted with gold wire is removed. This golden part of herb is rubbed on a clean rubbing stone (5-6 rotations) with milk or water, so as to get fine gold particles along with a paste of the herb vacha. The released gold along with the herbal powder is then mixed with honey-ghee and then it is used for suvarna prashana. These are the classical methods of Suvarnaprashana described in Ayurveda literature. However along with time and advances in Rasashastra branch of Ayurveda which entirely deals with making of safe and effective medicinal formulations from metals and minerals, Suvarnaprashana therapy has also evolved. Considering bhasma form of gold safer than the mere metallic form, now-a-days, at most of the places,  Suvarnaprashana is done using bhasma (purified calcinated) form of gold.<ref name=":2">Patil, Vaidya Vasant & Samant, Chetali & Baragi, Umapati. (2014). SUVARNAPRASHANA THERAPY IN CHILDREN; CONCEPTS, PRACTICE AND PROSPECTS. Journal of Ayurveda and holistic medicine. II. 1-3.</ref> The present day Suvarnaprashana practice is described below,
 === Practice of Suvarna Prashana ===
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 * Improves skin colour and complexion
 * Eliminates grahas which indicates protection from disease causing microorganisms and evil energies affecting mind. Which means Suvarnaprashana can strengthen and protect physical as well as mental components of health
-Along with this, Ayurveda scholars have also studied the effects of Suvarnaprashana given for a specific duration. Based on that, what results its shows when taken for a specific duration of time have been stated as below,
+Along with this, Ayurveda scholars have also studied the effects of Suvarnaprashana given for a specific duration. Based on that, what results its shows when taken for a specific duration of time have been stated as below,<blockquote>
 * If administered for 1 month, the child will become Parama Medhavi (highly intelligent) and will not be affected by any disease (Immune)
 * If administered for 6 months, the baby will become Srutadhara (will be able to remember the things, which are just heard).
 All the above said benefits are indicating the enhancement of all favorable factors required for proper growth and development of a child, which is considered to be rapid during Shaishavavastha (infancy).
 === Results of the studies, evidence based ===