Snataka Dharma (स्नातकधर्मः) - Revision history

P16459: Yajna

2019-09-22T13:38:39Z

Yajna

Ckanak93: /* वेदाध्ययनम् ॥ Study of the Vedas */

2018-11-19T07:52:28Z

वेदाध्ययनम् ॥ Study of the Vedas

Ckanak93: /* वेदाध्ययनम् ॥ Study of the Vedas */ Editing content with citation

2018-11-19T07:49:56Z

वेदाध्ययनम् ॥ Study of the Vedas: Editing content with citation

Ckanak93: /* विधिताचाराः ॥ Prescribed Code of Conduct */ Pulled out the detailed content into the generic page Acharana Dharma

2018-11-16T07:15:17Z

विधिताचाराः ॥ Prescribed Code of Conduct: Pulled out the detailed content into the generic page Acharana Dharma

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Ckanak93: /* स्नातकधर्माः ॥ Duties of a Snataka */

2018-11-16T06:42:07Z

स्नातकधर्माः ॥ Duties of a Snataka

Ckanak93: /* यज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Performing Yajnas */ Edited translations and citations, added hyperlinks

2018-11-15T10:46:12Z

यज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Performing Yajnas: Edited translations and citations, added hyperlinks

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Ckanak93: /* वेदाध्ययनम् ॥ Study of the Vedas */ Pulled out Anadhyayana into a separate article

2018-11-15T09:09:36Z

वेदाध्ययनम् ॥ Study of the Vedas: Pulled out Anadhyayana into a separate article

Ckanak93: /* परिचयः ॥ Introduction */ Added link to Snataka article

2018-11-15T07:42:42Z

परिचयः ॥ Introduction: Added link to Snataka article

Ckanak93: /* स्नातकधर्माः ॥ Duties of a Snataka */ Pulled out Upajivika Niyamas as a separate article

2018-11-14T09:40:06Z

स्नातकधर्माः ॥ Duties of a Snataka: Pulled out Upajivika Niyamas as a separate article

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Ckanak93: Removed Snataka Vyakhya content and added categories

2018-11-14T08:53:33Z

Removed Snataka Vyakhya content and added categories

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 <blockquote>बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च । नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान् || ४.१९ । </blockquote><blockquote>यथा यथा हि पुरुषः शास्त्रं समधिगच्छति । तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते || ४.२० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>buddhivr̥ddhikarāṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca । nityaṁ śāstrāṇyavekṣeta nigamāṁścaiva vaidikān || 4.19 । </blockquote><blockquote>yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṁ samadhigacchati । tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṁ cāsya rocate || 4.20 ||</blockquote>According to Manusmrti, by studying the Vedas diligently, observing the rules of purity, doing japa and having love towards all created beings, one gains the memory of his former births. And one who, recollecting his former births, continues to study the Veda, gains endless bliss by the continual study of the Veda. (Manu Smrt. 4.148 and 149).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>वेदाभ्यासेन सततं शौचेन तपसैव च । अद्रोहेण च भूतानां जातिं स्मरति पौर्विकीम् || ४.१४८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>पौर्विकीं संस्मरन्जातिं ब्रह्मैवाभ्यस्यते पुनः । ब्रह्माभ्यासेन चाजस्रं अनन्तं सुखं अश्नुते || ४.१४९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vedābhyāsena satataṁ śaucena tapasaiva ca । adroheṇa ca bhūtānāṁ jātiṁ smarati paurvikīm || 4.148 ||</blockquote><blockquote>paurvikīṁ saṁsmaranjātiṁ brahmaivābhyasyate punaḥ । brahmābhyāsena cājasraṁ anantaṁ sukhaṁ aśnute || 4.149 ||</blockquote>Inspite of such importance attached to vedic studies on a daily basis, the text also mentions instances when this stringent rule is relaxed. This situation of exception is known as [[Anadhyayana (अनध्ययनम्)|Anadhyayana]] (अनध्ययनम्), the time when one is exempted from vedic studies.
 === यज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Performing Yajnas ===
-* A Snataka brahmana should not neglect Vedic studies, the performance of sacrifices, [[Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)|Bhuta-bali]], [[Atithi Satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः)|honouring guests]] and offerings to the forefathers to the best of his abilities. (Manu Smrt. 4.21).<ref name=":1" />
+* A Snataka brahmana should not neglect Vedic studies, the performance of yajnas, [[Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)|Bhuta-bali]], [[Atithi Satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः)|honouring guests]] and offerings to the forefathers to the best of his abilities. (Manu Smrt. 4.21).<ref name=":1" />
 <blockquote>ऋषियज्ञं देवयज्ञं भूतयज्ञं च सर्वदा । नृयज्ञं पितृयज्ञं च यथाशक्ति न हापयेत् || ४.२१ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>r̥ṣiyajñaṁ devayajñaṁ bhūtayajñaṁ ca sarvadā । nr̥yajñaṁ pitr̥yajñaṁ ca yathāśakti na hāpayet || 4.21 ||</blockquote>
-* Those who know the ordinances for sacrificial rites, do not offer these five great sacrifices. Rather, they consider their senses as [[Agni (आग्निः)|Agni]] and offer the oblations within thereby making a provision to control the external factors. Many knowledgeable people merge their speech in breadth and their breath in speech. (Manu Smrt. 4.22 and 23).<ref name=":1" />
+* Those who know the ordinances for yajnika rites, do not offer these five great yajnas. Rather, they consider their senses as [[Agni (आग्निः)|Agni]] and offer the oblations within thereby making a provision to control the external factors. Many knowledgeable people merge their speech in breadth and their breath in speech. (Manu Smrt. 4.22 and 23).<ref name=":1" />
 <blockquote>एतानेके महायज्ञान्यज्ञशास्त्रविदो जनाः । अनीहमानाः सततं इन्द्रियेष्वेव जुह्वति || ४.२२ ||</blockquote><blockquote>वाच्येके जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणे वाचं च सर्वदा । वाचि प्राणे च पश्यन्तो यज्ञनिर्वृत्तिं अक्षयाम् || ४.२३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>etāneke mahāyajñānyajñaśāstravido janāḥ । anīhamānāḥ satataṁ indriyeṣveva juhvati || 4.22 ||</blockquote><blockquote>vācyeke juhvati prāṇaṁ prāṇe vācaṁ ca sarvadā । vāci prāṇe ca paśyanto yajñanirvr̥ttiṁ akṣayām || 4.23 ||</blockquote>
-* Some others perform all the [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|Yajnas]] as Jnana Yajnas (through knowledge alone). For, knowledge is at the root of all sacrifices. (Manu Smrt. 4.24).<ref name=":1" />
+* Some others perform all the [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|Yajnas]] as Jnana Yajnas (through knowledge alone). For, knowledge is at the root of all yajnas. (Manu Smrt. 4.24).<ref name=":1" />
 <blockquote>ज्ञानेनैवापरे विप्रा यजन्त्येतैर्मखैः सदा । ज्ञानमूलां क्रियां एषां पश्यन्तो ज्ञानचक्षुषा || ४.२४ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>jñānenaivāpare viprā yajantyetairmakhaiḥ sadā । jñānamūlāṁ kriyāṁ eṣāṁ paśyanto jñānacakṣuṣā || 4.24 ||</blockquote>
-* One should always offer [[Agnihotra (अग्निहोत्रम्)|Agnihotra]] at dawn and dusk, the Darsha sacrifice during New moon day and Paurnamasa (Ishtis) on Full moon day. (Manu Smrt. 4.25).<ref name=":1" />
+* One should always offer [[Agnihotra (अग्निहोत्रम्)|Agnihotra]] at dawn and dusk, the Darsha yajna during New moon day and Paurnamasa (Ishtis) on Full moon day. (Manu Smrt. 4.25).<ref name=":1" />
 <blockquote>अग्निहोत्रं च जुहुयादाद्यन्ते द्युनिशोः सदा । दर्शेन चार्धमासान्ते पौर्णामासेन चैव हि || ४.२५ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>agnihotraṁ ca juhuyādādyante dyuniśoḥ sadā । darśena cārdhamāsānte paurṇāmāsena caiva hi || 4.25 ||</blockquote>
 * A Dvija (Brahmana) should always offer on the Parva-days as well as on regular days, oblations to Savitru and Shanti homa; and on the Ashtakas and Anvashtakas, one should worship the forefathers. (Manu Smrt. 4.150).<ref name=":1" />
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 === भिक्षा ॥ Begging for Alms ===
-* A Snataka Grhastha who is pining for food, may wish for wealth from a Raja, the Yajamana (यजमानः) of a sacrifice, and a student, but never from those who have abandoned the path of Dharma. This is the prescribed rule in the Dharma shastras. (Manu Smrt. 4.33).<ref name=":1" />
+* A Snataka Grhastha who is pining for food, may wish for wealth from a Raja, the Yajamana (यजमानः) of a yajna, and a student, but never from those who have abandoned the path of Dharma. This is the prescribed rule in the Dharma shastras. (Manu Smrt. 4.33).<ref name=":1" />
 <blockquote>राजतो धनम् अन्विच्छेत्संसीदन्स्नातकः क्षुधा । याज्यान्तेवासिनोर्वापि न त्वन्यत इति स्थितिः || ४.३३ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>rājato dhanaṁ anvicchetsaṁsīdansnātakaḥ kṣudhā । yājyāntevāsinorvāpi na tvanyata iti sthitiḥ || 4.33 ||</blockquote>
 * A Snataka brahmana should never be troubled by any kind of hunger. Nor should one wear old or dirty clothes, even if one does not possess wealth. (Manu Smrt. 4.34).<ref name=":1" />
@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 == सदाचारफलम् || Fruits of Good Conduct ==
 Manusmrti also also enumerates the fruits of observing the prescribed code of conduct in life. It says,
-* The one who follows good conduct, does chanting and sacrifices, who has control over his indriyas obtains bliss in this world and the other world. (Manu Smrt. (4.145 and 146).<ref name=":1" />
+* The one who follows good conduct, does chanting and yajnas, who has control over his indriyas obtains bliss in this world and the other world. (Manu Smrt. (4.145 and 146).<ref name=":1" />
 <blockquote>मङ्गलाचारयुक्तानां नित्यं च प्रयतात्मनाम् । जपतां जुह्वतां चैव विनिपातो न विद्यते || ४.१४६ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>maṅgalācārayuktānāṁ nityaṁ ca prayatātmanām । japatāṁ juhvatāṁ caiva vinipāto na vidyate || 4.146 ||</blockquote>
 * One who acts resolutely, is gentle and tolerant, who does not associate with persons of cruel disposition, and who does no injury to others, shall win heaven by self-control and liberality, if one sticks to this practice. (Manu Smrt. 4.246).<ref name=":2" />

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 <blockquote>सर्वान्परित्यजेदर्थान्स्वाध्यायस्य विरोधिनः । यथा तथाध्यापयंस्तु सा ह्यस्य कृतकृत्यता || ४.१७ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>sarvānparityajedarthānsvādhyāyasya virodhinaḥ । yathā tathādhyāpayaṁstu sā hyasya kr̥takr̥tyatā || 4.17 ||</blockquote>
 * One should daily study the [[Agamas (आगमाः)|Agamas]] that sharpen one's intellect and the various shastras. For, their knowledge endows the complete understanding of the beneficial and the detrimental. (Manu Smrti. 4.19).<ref name=":1" /> For, as one goes on studying a science, so does he go on understanding, and then his knowledge shines forth. (Manu Smrt. 4.20).<ref name=":2">Ganganath Jha (1920-39), Manusmrti ([https://ia801603.us.archive.org/33/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.46010/2015.46010.Manusmrti--Vol-4.pdf Vol.4]), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited.</ref>
-<blockquote>बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च । नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान् || ४.१९ । </blockquote><blockquote>यथा यथा हि पुरुषः शास्त्रं समधिगच्छति । तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते || ४.२० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>buddhivr̥ddhikarāṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca । nityaṁ śāstrāṇyavekṣeta nigamāṁścaiva vaidikān || 4.19 । </blockquote><blockquote>yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṁ samadhigacchati । tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṁ cāsya rocate || 4.20 ||</blockquote>Inspite of the importance attached to vedic studies on a daily basis, the text also mentions instances when this stringent rule is relaxed. This situation of exception is known as [[Anadhyayana (अनध्ययनम्)|Anadhyayana]] (अनध्ययनम्), the time when one is exempted from vedic studies. At the same time, it is said that, by studying the Vedas diligently, observing the rules of purity, doing japa and having love towards all created beings, one gains the memory of his former births. One who, recollecting his former births, continues to study the Veda, gains endless bliss by the continual study of the Veda. (Manu Smrt. 4.148 and 149).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>वेदाभ्यासेन सततं शौचेन तपसैव च । अद्रोहेण च भूतानां जातिं स्मरति पौर्विकीम् || ४.१४८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>पौर्विकीं संस्मरन्जातिं ब्रह्मैवाभ्यस्यते पुनः । ब्रह्माभ्यासेन चाजस्रं अनन्तं सुखं अश्नुते || ४.१४९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vedābhyāsena satataṁ śaucena tapasaiva ca । adroheṇa ca bhūtānāṁ jātiṁ smarati paurvikīm || 4.148 ||</blockquote><blockquote>paurvikīṁ saṁsmaranjātiṁ brahmaivābhyasyate punaḥ । brahmābhyāsena cājasraṁ anantaṁ sukhaṁ aśnute || 4.149 ||</blockquote>
+<blockquote>बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च । नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान् || ४.१९ । </blockquote><blockquote>यथा यथा हि पुरुषः शास्त्रं समधिगच्छति । तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते || ४.२० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>buddhivr̥ddhikarāṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca । nityaṁ śāstrāṇyavekṣeta nigamāṁścaiva vaidikān || 4.19 । </blockquote><blockquote>yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṁ samadhigacchati । tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṁ cāsya rocate || 4.20 ||</blockquote>According to Manusmrti, by studying the Vedas diligently, observing the rules of purity, doing japa and having love towards all created beings, one gains the memory of his former births. And one who, recollecting his former births, continues to study the Veda, gains endless bliss by the continual study of the Veda. (Manu Smrt. 4.148 and 149).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>वेदाभ्यासेन सततं शौचेन तपसैव च । अद्रोहेण च भूतानां जातिं स्मरति पौर्विकीम् || ४.१४८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>पौर्विकीं संस्मरन्जातिं ब्रह्मैवाभ्यस्यते पुनः । ब्रह्माभ्यासेन चाजस्रं अनन्तं सुखं अश्नुते || ४.१४९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vedābhyāsena satataṁ śaucena tapasaiva ca । adroheṇa ca bhūtānāṁ jātiṁ smarati paurvikīm || 4.148 ||</blockquote><blockquote>paurvikīṁ saṁsmaranjātiṁ brahmaivābhyasyate punaḥ । brahmābhyāsena cājasraṁ anantaṁ sukhaṁ aśnute || 4.149 ||</blockquote>Inspite of such importance attached to vedic studies on a daily basis, the text also mentions instances when this stringent rule is relaxed. This situation of exception is known as [[Anadhyayana (अनध्ययनम्)|Anadhyayana]] (अनध्ययनम्), the time when one is exempted from vedic studies.
 === यज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Performing Yajnas ===
 * A Snataka brahmana should not neglect Vedic studies, the performance of sacrifices, [[Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)|Bhuta-bali]], [[Atithi Satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः)|honouring guests]] and offerings to the forefathers to the best of his abilities. (Manu Smrt. 4.21).<ref name=":1" />

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 <blockquote>सर्वान्परित्यजेदर्थान्स्वाध्यायस्य विरोधिनः । यथा तथाध्यापयंस्तु सा ह्यस्य कृतकृत्यता || ४.१७ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>sarvānparityajedarthānsvādhyāyasya virodhinaḥ । yathā tathādhyāpayaṁstu sā hyasya kr̥takr̥tyatā || 4.17 ||</blockquote>
 * One should daily study the [[Agamas (आगमाः)|Agamas]] that sharpen one's intellect and the various shastras. For, their knowledge endows the complete understanding of the beneficial and the detrimental. (Manu Smrti. 4.19).<ref name=":1" /> For, as one goes on studying a science, so does he go on understanding, and then his knowledge shines forth. (Manu Smrt. 4.20).<ref name=":2">Ganganath Jha (1920-39), Manusmrti ([https://ia801603.us.archive.org/33/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.46010/2015.46010.Manusmrti--Vol-4.pdf Vol.4]), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited.</ref>
-<blockquote>बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च । नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान् || ४.१९ । </blockquote><blockquote>यथा यथा हि पुरुषः शास्त्रं समधिगच्छति । तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते || ४.२० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>buddhivr̥ddhikarāṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca । nityaṁ śāstrāṇyavekṣeta nigamāṁścaiva vaidikān || 4.19 । </blockquote><blockquote>yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṁ samadhigacchati । tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṁ cāsya rocate || 4.20 ||</blockquote>Inspite of the importance attached to vedic studies on a daily basis, the text also mentions instances when this stringent rule is relaxed. This situation of exception is known as [[Anadhyayana (अनध्ययनम्)|Anadhyayana]] (अनध्ययनम्), the time when one is exempted from vedic studies.
+<blockquote>बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च । नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान् || ४.१९ । </blockquote><blockquote>यथा यथा हि पुरुषः शास्त्रं समधिगच्छति । तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते || ४.२० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>buddhivr̥ddhikarāṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca । nityaṁ śāstrāṇyavekṣeta nigamāṁścaiva vaidikān || 4.19 । </blockquote><blockquote>yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṁ samadhigacchati । tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṁ cāsya rocate || 4.20 ||</blockquote>Inspite of the importance attached to vedic studies on a daily basis, the text also mentions instances when this stringent rule is relaxed. This situation of exception is known as [[Anadhyayana (अनध्ययनम्)|Anadhyayana]] (अनध्ययनम्), the time when one is exempted from vedic studies. At the same time, it is said that, by studying the Vedas diligently, observing the rules of purity, doing japa and having love towards all created beings, one gains the memory of his former births. One who, recollecting his former births, continues to study the Veda, gains endless bliss by the continual study of the Veda. (Manu Smrt. 4.148 and 149).<ref name=":1" /><blockquote>वेदाभ्यासेन सततं शौचेन तपसैव च । अद्रोहेण च भूतानां जातिं स्मरति पौर्विकीम् || ४.१४८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>पौर्विकीं संस्मरन्जातिं ब्रह्मैवाभ्यस्यते पुनः । ब्रह्माभ्यासेन चाजस्रं अनन्तं सुखं अश्नुते || ४.१४९ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>vedābhyāsena satataṁ śaucena tapasaiva ca । adroheṇa ca bhūtānāṁ jātiṁ smarati paurvikīm || 4.148 ||</blockquote><blockquote>paurvikīṁ saṁsmaranjātiṁ brahmaivābhyasyate punaḥ । brahmābhyāsena cājasraṁ anantaṁ sukhaṁ aśnute || 4.149 ||</blockquote>
 === यज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Performing Yajnas ===
 * A Snataka brahmana should not neglect Vedic studies, the performance of sacrifices, [[Bhuta Yajna (भूतयज्ञः)|Bhuta-bali]], [[Atithi Satkara (अतिथिसत्कारः)|honouring guests]] and offerings to the forefathers to the best of his abilities. (Manu Smrt. 4.21).<ref name=":1" />
@@ Line 67: / Line 66: @@
 According to Manusmrti, even though devoid of all auspicious marks, the one who follows Right Conduct, has faith and is free from jealousy, lives for a hundred years. While, the one of evil conduct becomes deprecated among men; is constantly suffering pain, sick and short-lived. (Manu Smrt. 4.156, 158 and 157).<ref name=":2" /><blockquote>सर्वलक्षणहीनोऽपि यः सदाचारवान्नरः । श्रद्दधानोऽनसूयश्च शतं वर्षाणि जीवति || ४.१५८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>दुराचारो हि पुरुषो लोके भवति निन्दितः । दुःखभागी च सततं व्याधितोऽल्पायुरेव च || ४.१५७ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>sarvalakṣaṇahīno'pi yaḥ sadācāravānnaraḥ । śraddadhāno'nasūyaśca śataṁ varṣāṇi jīvati || 4.158 ||</blockquote><blockquote>durācāro hi puruṣo loke bhavati ninditaḥ । duḥkhabhāgī ca satataṁ vyādhito'lpāyureva ca || 4.157 ||</blockquote>Hence it is said, one should not be fickle with his hands and feet, nor fickle with his eyes, nor crooked, nor fickle with his speech, nor harm others by deed or thought. (Manu Smrt. 4.177).<ref name=":2" /> One should follow the path taken by the forefathers. By doing thus, one saves oneself from the destruction caused by adharma (Manu Smrt. 4.178).<ref name=":1" /> One should not pay attention to one's enemy, or to his enemy’s friend, or to an unrighteous person, or to a thief, or to the lady of another person. For in this world, there is nothing so detrimental to a person’s longevity as paying attention to the wife of another person. (Manu Smrt. 4.133 and 134).<ref name=":2" /><blockquote>न पाणिपादचपलो न नेत्रचपलोऽनृजुः । न स्याद्वाक्चपलश्चैव न परद्रोहकर्मधीः || ४.१७७ ||</blockquote><blockquote>येनास्य पितरो याता येन याताः पितामहाः । तेन यायात्सतां मार्गं तेन गच्छन्न रिष्यति || ४.१७८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>वैरिणं नोपसेवेत सहायं चैव वैरिणः । अधार्मिकं तस्करं च परस्यैव च योषितम् । । ४.१३३ । ।</blockquote><blockquote>न हीदृशं अनायुष्यं लोके किं चन विद्यते । यादृशं पुरुषस्येह परदारोपसेवनम् । । ४.१३४ । ।<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>na pāṇipādacapalo na netracapalo'nr̥juḥ । na syādvākcapalaścaiva na paradrohakarmadhīḥ || 4.177 ||</blockquote><blockquote>yenāsya pitaro yātā yena yātāḥ pitāmahāḥ । tena yāyātsatāṁ mārgaṁ tena gacchanna riṣyati || 4.178 ||</blockquote><blockquote>vairiṇaṁ nopaseveta sahāyaṁ caiva vairiṇaḥ । adhārmikaṁ taskaraṁ ca parasyaiva ca yoṣitam । । 4.133 । ।</blockquote><blockquote>na hīdr̥śaṁ anāyuṣyaṁ loke kiṁ cana vidyate । yādr̥śaṁ puruṣasyeha paradāropasevanam । । 4.134 । ।</blockquote>Not only this, Manusmrti also emphasizes on the general code of conduct for mankind living as a society. This is elaborated under the topic [[Acharana Dharma (आचरणधर्मः)|Acharana Dharma]] (आचरणधर्मः)
-== धर्मसञ्चयः ॥ Accumulation of Merits ==
+== सदाचारफलम् || Fruits of Good Conduct ==
-* Causing no pain to any creature, one should slowly accumulate spiritual merit, for the sake (of acquiring) a companion after death, just as the termites (gradually raises their) mound. For when we die neither father, nor mother, nor spouse, nor children, nor relations continue with us as companions; spiritual merit alone remains (with us). One should therefore always slowly accumulate spiritual merit, in order (that it may be one's) companion (after death); for with merit as his companion one will traverse a gloominess (which is normally) difficult to traverse. (Manu Smrt. 4.238, 239 and 242).<ref name=":3">Pt. Sri Rama Ramanuja Acharya, [http://www.srimatham.com/uploads/5/5/4/9/5549439/manu_for_modern_times.pdf The Laws of Manu for the 21st Century], srimatham.com</ref>
+Manusmrti also also enumerates the fruits of observing the prescribed code of conduct in life. It says,
-<blockquote>धर्मं शनैः संचिनुयाद्वल्मीकं इव पुत्तिकाः । परलोकसहायार्थं सर्वभूतान्यपीडयन् || ४.२३८ ||</blockquote><blockquote>नामुत्र हि सहायार्थं पिता माता च तिष्ठतः । न पुत्रदारं न ज्ञातिर्धर्मस्तिष्ठति केवलः || ४.२३९ ||</blockquote><blockquote>तस्माद्धर्मं सहायार्थं नित्यं संचिनुयाच्छनैः । धर्मेण हि सहायेन तमस्तरति दुस्तरम् || ४.२४२ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>dharmaṁ śanaiḥ saṁcinuyādvalmīkaṁ iva puttikāḥ । paralokasahāyārthaṁ sarvabhūtānyapīḍayan || 4.238 ||</blockquote><blockquote>nāmutra hi sahāyārthaṁ pitā mātā ca tiṣṭhataḥ । na putradāraṁ na jñātirdharmastiṣṭhati kevalaḥ || 4.239 ||</blockquote><blockquote>tasmāddharmaṁ sahāyārthaṁ nityaṁ saṁcinuyācchanaiḥ । dharmeṇa hi sahāyena tamastarati dustaram || 4.242 ||</blockquote>
+* The one who follows good conduct, does chanting and sacrifices, who has control over his indriyas obtains bliss in this world and the other world. (Manu Smrt. (4.145 and 146).<ref name=":1" />
-* If one lives a life of practicing self-control and generosity, perseverance, gentleness and patience; and shunning the company of people of cruel conduct, and avoids hurting any living creatures - one gains heavenly bliss. (Manu Smrt. 4.246).<ref name=":3" />
+<blockquote>मङ्गलाचारयुक्तानां नित्यं च प्रयतात्मनाम् । जपतां जुह्वतां चैव विनिपातो न विद्यते || ४.१४६ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>maṅgalācārayuktānāṁ nityaṁ ca prayatātmanām । japatāṁ juhvatāṁ caiva vinipāto na vidyate || 4.146 ||</blockquote>
 <blockquote>दृढकारी मृदुर्दान्तः क्रूराचारैरसंवसन् । अहिंस्रो दमदानाभ्यां जयेत्स्वर्गं तथाव्रतः || ४.२४६ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>dr̥ḍhakārī mr̥durdāntaḥ krūrācārairasaṁvasan ।ahiṁsro damadānābhyāṁ jayetsvargaṁ tathāvrataḥ || 4.246 ||</blockquote>
+* And a Brahmana who, being learned in the lore of the Vedas, conducts himself in this manner and nullifies his sins, will be exalted in the brahmaloka. (Manu Smrt. 4.260).<ref name=":1" />
 <blockquote>अनेन विप्रो वृत्तेन वर्तयन्वेदशास्त्रवित् । व्यपेतकल्मषो नित्यं ब्रह्मलोके महीयते || ४.२६० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>anena vipro vr̥ttena vartayanvedaśāstravit । vyapetakalmaṣo nityaṁ brahmaloke mahīyate || 4.260 ||</blockquote>

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 The duties prescribed for a Snataka - one who is in a phase of transition from the brahmacharyashrama to the Grhasthashrama are,
 # उपजीविका ॥ Livelihood
-# वेदाध्ययनम् ॥ Study of the Vedas
+# वेदाध्ययनम् ॥ Study of the [[Vedas (वेदाः)|Vedas]]
-# यज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Performing Yajnas
+# यज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Performing [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|Yajnas]]
 # भिक्षा ॥ Begging for Alms

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 <blockquote>सर्वान्परित्यजेदर्थान्स्वाध्यायस्य विरोधिनः । यथा तथाध्यापयंस्तु सा ह्यस्य कृतकृत्यता || ४.१७ ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>sarvānparityajedarthānsvādhyāyasya virodhinaḥ । yathā tathādhyāpayaṁstu sā hyasya kr̥takr̥tyatā || 4.17 ||</blockquote>
 * One should daily study the [[Agamas (आगमाः)|Agamas]] that sharpen one's intellect and the various shastras. For, their knowledge endows the complete understanding of the beneficial and the detrimental. (Manu Smrti. 4.19).<ref name=":1" /> For, as one goes on studying a science, so does he go on understanding, and then his knowledge shines forth. (Manu Smrt. 4.20).<ref>Ganganath Jha (1920-39), Manusmrti ([https://ia801603.us.archive.org/33/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.46010/2015.46010.Manusmrti--Vol-4.pdf Vol.4]), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited.</ref>
-<blockquote>बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च । नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान् || ४.१९ । </blockquote><blockquote>यथा यथा हि पुरुषः शास्त्रं समधिगच्छति । तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते || ४.२० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>buddhivr̥ddhikarāṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca । nityaṁ śāstrāṇyavekṣeta nigamāṁścaiva vaidikān || 4.19 । </blockquote><blockquote>yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṁ samadhigacchati । tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṁ cāsya rocate || 4.20 ||</blockquote>
+<blockquote>बुद्धिवृद्धिकराण्याशु धन्यानि च हितानि च । नित्यं शास्त्राण्यवेक्षेत निगमांश्चैव वैदिकान् || ४.१९ । </blockquote><blockquote>यथा यथा हि पुरुषः शास्त्रं समधिगच्छति । तथा तथा विजानाति विज्ञानं चास्य रोचते || ४.२० ||<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>buddhivr̥ddhikarāṇyāśu dhanyāni ca hitāni ca । nityaṁ śāstrāṇyavekṣeta nigamāṁścaiva vaidikān || 4.19 । </blockquote><blockquote>yathā yathā hi puruṣaḥ śāstraṁ samadhigacchati । tathā tathā vijānāti vijñānaṁ cāsya rocate || 4.20 ||</blockquote>Inspite of the importance attached to vedic studies on a daily basis, the text also mentions instances when this stringent rule is relaxed. This situation of exception is known as [[Anadhyayana (अनध्ययनम्)|Anadhyayana]] (अनध्ययनम्), the time when one is exempted from vedic studies.
 === यज्ञकर्माणि ॥ Performing Yajnas ===

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 == परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
-Snataka refers to a student who has had the ritual abulation or samavartana snana (समावर्तनस्नानम्) after the completion of his study at the gurukula. The Indian tradition lays equal emphasis on both the rights and duties of a person through the different stages of his life. This is encoded in the form of the [[Varnashrama Dharma (वर्णाश्रमधर्मः)|Varnashrama Dharma]] in the various Smrti texts. Manusmrti elaborates in detail about the code of conduct for a Snataka. His personal as well as social responsibilities have been enlisted therein.
+{{Main|Snataka (स्नातकः)}}
 == स्नातकधर्माः ॥ Duties of a Snataka ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Snataka Dharma (Samskrit: स्नातकधर्मः) broadly refers to the responsibilities assigned and code of conduct prescribed for those who have completed their education in the [[Brahmacharyashrama (ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमः)|brahmacharyashrama]] (graduates) and who are awaiting their entrance into the responsibilities of the [[Grhasthashrama (गृहस्थाश्रमः)|Grhasthashrama]].
+Snataka Dharma (Samskrit: स्नातकधर्मः) broadly refers to the responsibilities assigned and code of conduct prescribed for a [[Snataka (स्नातकः)|Snataka]] (स्नातकः ॥ a graduate), that is, those who have completed their education in the [[Brahmacharyashrama (ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमः)|brahmacharyashrama]] (graduates) and who are awaiting their entrance into the responsibilities of the [[Grhasthashrama (गृहस्थाश्रमः)|Grhasthashrama]].
 == परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
-According to the tradition of education in ancient Bharata, after the performance of Upanayana samskara (उपनयनसंस्कारः), a child is sent to the Gurukula where he is trained in different shastras under the able guidance of a Guru. At the end of this training, the rite of Samavartana (समावर्तनम्) is performed to indicate completion of his training, and he is ready for the transition from brahmacharyashrama to the second phase of his life – the grhasthashrama.
+Snataka refers to a student who has had the ritual abulation or samavartana snana (समावर्तनस्नानम्) after the completion of his study at the gurukula. The Indian tradition lays equal emphasis on both the rights and duties of a person through the different stages of his life. This is encoded in the form of the [[Varnashrama Dharma (वर्णाश्रमधर्मः)|Varnashrama Dharma]] in the various Smrti texts. Manusmrti elaborates in detail about the code of conduct for a Snataka. His personal as well as social responsibilities have been enlisted therein.
 == स्नातकधर्माः ॥ Duties of a Snataka ==
-The Indian tradition lays equal emphasis on both the rights and duties of a person through the different stages of his life. This is encoded in the form of the [[Varnashrama Dharma (वर्णाश्रमधर्मः)|Varnashrama Dharma]] in the various Smrti texts. The duties prescribed for a Snataka - one who is in a phase of transition from the brahmacharyashrama to the Grhasthashrama is enumerated below.
+The duties prescribed for a Snataka - one who is in a phase of transition from the brahmacharyashrama to the Grhasthashrama is enumerated below.
 === उपजीविका ॥ Livelihood ===
@@ Line 193: / Line 181: @@
 == References ==
 [[Category:Dharmas]]