Shira (शिरस् or शिरः) - Revision history

DrDevashree: /* मर्माणि॥ Marma */

2022-09-06T14:08:15Z

मर्माणि॥ Marma

DrDevashree: /* In which rogas does shira gets affected or headache seen as symptom */

2022-09-06T14:05:29Z

In which rogas does shira gets affected or headache seen as symptom

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DrDevashree at 14:29, 3 September 2022

2022-09-03T14:29:04Z

DrDevashree at 11:14, 23 August 2022

2022-08-23T11:14:02Z

DrDevashree at 11:12, 23 August 2022

2022-08-23T11:12:42Z

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DrDevashree: /* Treatment aspects */

2022-08-22T15:21:52Z

Treatment aspects

DrDevashree at 11:32, 22 August 2022

2022-08-22T11:32:57Z

DrDevashree at 14:04, 27 July 2022

2022-07-27T14:04:20Z

DrDevashree at 12:02, 20 July 2022

2022-07-20T12:02:28Z

DrDevashree at 11:21, 20 July 2022

2022-07-20T11:21:27Z

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 Nose is counted as one of the bahirmukha strotasa (channel of passage for various body elements having opening on outer surface of body) along with 5 other such openings situated in head. The other 5 openings are 2 eyes, 2 ears and 1 oral cavity. <ref>Charaka Samhita Sharirasthana Adhyaya 7 Sutra 12-13</ref>
-==== '''मर्माणि॥ Marma''' ====
+==== मर्माणि॥ Marma ====
 Shiras is known as one of the vital points or marmas.<blockquote>सप्तोत्तरं मर्मशतं यदुक्तं शरीरसङ्ख्यामधिकृत्य तेभ्यः| मर्माणि बस्तिं हृदयं शिरश्च प्रधानभूतानि वदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः||३||
 प्राणाश्रयात्, तानि हि पीडयन्तो वातादयोऽसूनपि पीडयन्ति| (Char. Samh. 26.3-4)<ref>Charaka SAmhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 26 Sutra 3,4)</ref>

@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 == Causes of shiro rogas ==
-Headache and other head related diseases have been counted under Shirorogas by Ayurveda acharyas. Elaborate discussion on causes of these diseases has been found in Ayurveda treatises. Following tbale gives the general idea of causes of headache and head related diseases along with the gross classification og the causes. Char. Samh. Su 7/8, Char. Samh. Su 7/16, (Char. Samh. Su. 17.8-11), Cha. Si 12.14, Cha. Si 12.14, Cha. Si 12.14, Su su 42.15
+Headache and other head related diseases have been counted under Shirorogas by Ayurveda acharyas. Elaborate discussion on causes of these diseases has been found in Ayurveda treatises. Following tbale gives the general idea of causes of headache and head related diseases along with the gross classification of the causes. Char. Samh. Su 7/8, Char. Samh. Su 7/16, (Char. Samh. Su. 17.8-11), Cha. Si 12.14, Cha. Si 12.14, Cha. Si 12.14, Su su 42.15
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 154: / Line 154: @@
 == In which rogas does shira gets affected or headache seen as symptom ==
 V gulma- मन्याशिरःशङ्खशूल (Cha. samh. nidanasthana 3 Sutra 7)
-Shirogandha-putita- in Pitta prakrti due to visrata- विस्रत्वात् प्रभूतपूतिकक्षास्यशिरःशरीरगन्धाः; (Charaka samhita vimanasthana Adhyaay 8 Sutra 97)
+Shirogandha-putita- in Pitta prakrti due to visrata- विस्रत्वात् प्रभूतपूतिकक्षास्यशिरःशरीरगन्धाः; ()
 Ajeerna
@@ Line 172: / Line 179: @@
 करोति पीनसं तेन रुद्धो घुर्घुरुकं तथा|
-अतीव तीव्रवेगं च श्वासं (Cha. Chi 17. 56)
+अतीव तीव्रवेगं च श्वासं
 अधःप्रतिहतो वायुरूर्ध्वस्रोतःसमाश्रितः|

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:14, 23 August 2022
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	ग्रीवाचिबुकदन्तानां तस्मिन् पार्श्वे तु वेदना \| Su ni 1. 70		ग्रीवाचिबुकदन्तानां तस्मिन् पार्श्वे तु वेदना \| Su ni 1. 70
		+
		+	'''Shiro Rogas with reference to certain diseases'''
		+
		+	Shiroroga is not just a vyadhi or disease in itself but as a symptom in many disorders as well,
		+
		+
		+	In certain diseases like vataja gulma(Char.nida 3.7), ajeerna(indigestion) -(Cha. Chi 15/45, shwasa (breathing disorders) (Cha. Chi 17. 56)
		+
		+	, kasa(different typesof cough), peenasa(types of rhinitis) (Cha. Chi 18. 6-7)
		+
		+	, vataja and pittaja trushna(thirst disorder) (cha. chi 22.12,14)
		+
		+	, madatyaya(alcoholism) (Cha. Chi 24.117)
		+
		+	, shira shola(headache), stiffness over head region, burning sensation of the head region as symptom is observed.
		+
		+	While describing the side effects of virechana karma (purgation therapy), heaviness of head as a symptom is described. (Char. SAMh. SIddhi 1.52)
		+
		+	In pitta prakriti dominant individual, Shirogandha-putita is described which means, unpleasant smell from the head region. (Char.vima 8.97)
		+
		+	During the management of arshas or hemorrhoids of bleeding nature, if the bleeding is controlled or stopped altogether when the doshas are vitiated, severe complications can arise and headache is one among the prime symptoms of it. (Cha chi 14.179)
		+
		+
		+	'''Fundamental Classification of shiro roga'''
		+
		+	While describing diseases pertaining to head region or shiras, acharya charaka in sutrasthana mentioned the below disorders as types of Shiro rogas as well,
		+
		+	(char.sutr.kiyantshirasiy 13-14)
		+
		+	Ardhavbhedaka
		+
		+	Commonly co related as migraine, ardhavabhedaka literally means penetration and splitting pain over the half side of the head region. Characterized by severe pain in neck, eyes, eyebrow, fore head region (half side of each) (Cha. Si 9. 74-76)
		+
		+
		+	Shira shula - headaches
		+
		+	Pratishyaya
		+
		+	Although a disease pertaining to nose, acharya charaka also mentions pratishyay() as a chief shiro roga. Commonly co related with allergic rhinitis/common cold. Classified as doshaja and dushtapratishyaya (chronic type of rhinitis), normally characterized with, nasal discharge, suppuration and patient is unable to perceive smell.
		+
		+	(Char. Samh. Chi 26.105)
		+
		+	Dushtapratishyaya
		+
		+	Dryness of nasal mucosa, sneezing, foul smell, excessive nasal discharge, swelling etc are few symptoms of dushtapratishyaya. (Cha.Chi 26.107-109)
		+
		+
		+	Akshi-karna roga
		+
		+	Diseases pertaining to eye and ear.
		+
		+	Shiro bhrama
		+
		+	Dizziness or giddiness.
		+
		+	Ardita
		+
		+	Commonly co related with facial palsy ardita is an isolated concept in Ayurveda which is Characterized with vakrata() over hald side of face and neck, head ache, pain in chin area, neck region and vakrata in eye region.( Su ni 1. 70)
		+
		+
		+	Gala- manya- hanu graha
		+
		+	Stiffness over throat, neck and jaw region.
		+
		+
		+	Vatadi and krimi(meaning caused by vata, pitta, kapha dosha and krimij)
		+
		+	As describes below,
		+
		+	(char.chik trimarmiya. 158-186), (char. Sut. Kiyantshir 19-29)
		+
		+	Acharya Charaka in Sutrasthana has mentioned principally 5 types of Shiro roga(diseases pertaining to head)
		+
		+	1. Vataja shiro roga
		+
		+	Characterized by intense pain in temple region, mid of eye brows, pain in fore head, dizziness, stiffness in the neck region.
		+
		+	Primary treatment aspect – anointing with oil, swedana(steam therapy), nasya(oil instillation through nostrils), diet management, poultice application.
		+
		+
		+	2. Pittaja shiro roga
		+
		+	Characterized with, burning sensation over head region, head ache, burning sensation in eyes, excessive perspiration.
		+
		+	Primary treatment aspect – intake of medicated ghee, milk etc. application of poultices,herbal ointments/ pastes, nasya with ghee.
		+
		+
		+	3. Kaphaja shiro roga
		+
		+	It is characterized with, Constant dull head ache, heaviness of the head, stiffness, extreme laziness, loss of appetite.
		+
		+	Primary treatment aspect – Dhumapana(), diet management which reduces kapha dosha, basti karma(), administration of old preserved medicated ghee, agni karma(cauterization method)
		+
		+
		+	4. Tridoshaja shiro roga
		+
		+	Characterized by headache, tremors, burning sensation, excessive thirst.
		+
		+	Primary treatment aspect – all the above management principles are applied accordingly.
		+
		+
		+	5. Krimija shiro roga
		+
		+	Characterized with, Piercing and cutting pain through head, itching over head region, swelling, foul smell.
		+
		+	Primary treatment aspect – strong medicated nasya(instillation of oil, liquid, powders etc through nostrils) is administered.

	== References ==		== References ==

@@ Line 143: / Line 143: @@
 === Swedana- ===
 प्रतिश्याये च कासे च हिक्काश्वासेष्वलाघवे| कर्णमन्याशिरःशूले स्वरभेदे गलग्रहे||२०|| अर्दितैकाङ्गसर्वाङ्गपक्षाघाते (Char. Samh. Su. 14.20-21)
 === Jeerna ghruta ===
 योनिकर्णशिरःशूलं घृतं जीर्णमपोहति||२३३|| (Char. SAmh. su 27.233)  (Su su 45.107)
 === Tailam ===
@@ Line 158: / Line 162: @@
 द्वारं हि शिरसो नासा तेन तद् व्याप्य हन्ति तान्||८८|| Cha. Si 9.88
 === Dhumapana ===
 शिरसः पीडने स्रावे नासाया हृदि ताम्यति|

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 Effect of head injury
-तेषां त्रयाणामन्यतमस्यापि भेदादाश्वेव शरीरभेदः स्यात्, आश्रयनाशादाश्रितस्यापि विनाशः; तदुपघातात्तु <sup>[५]</sup> घोरतरव्याधिप्रादुर्भावः; तस्मादेतानि विशेषेण रक्ष्याणि बाह्याभिघाद्वातादिभ्यश्च||५|| ??Char. Samh. chi 26.3-4)
+Shiras is one of the 3 most highly important marmas in the body. IT is known that if injury to anyone of these occurs, the person may loose life and can be left severly injured. This has been mentioned by Acharya Charka in the following sutra,<blockquote>तेषां त्रयाणामन्यतमस्यापि भेदादाश्वेव शरीरभेदः स्यात्, आश्रयनाशादाश्रितस्यापि विनाशः; तदुपघातात्तु घोरतरव्याधिप्रादुर्भावः; तस्मादेतानि विशेषेण रक्ष्याणि बाह्याभिघाद्वातादिभ्यश्च||५|| ??Char. Samh. chi 26.3-4) or (Char. Samh. Siddh 9.5)
+* Neck stiffness,
-शिरस्यभिहते मन्यास्तम्भार्दितचक्षुर्विभ्रममोहोद्वेष्टनचेष्टानाशकासश्वासहनुग्रहमूकगद्गदत्वाक्षिनिमीलन- गण्डस्पन्दनजृम्भणलालास्रावस्वरहानिवदनजिह्मत्वादीनि, (Cha. SI 9.6)
+* facial paralysis,
 Doshas and shiras
@@ Line 88: / Line 97: @@
 Su su 42.15
 == Treatment aspects ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Shira (शिरस्/शिरः) in Samskrt denotes head. In Ayurveda Shira is known as one of the 3 extremely significant marmas (seats of prana or life energy). A lot of discussion about anatomy, physiology of shiras and the various diseases, pathological processes related to it can be found in Ayurveda literature. In describing all these aspects, the viewpoint of Ayurveda of looking at it is quite different from that of modern/western medicine. The same has been described here.
+Shira (शिरस्/शिरः) in Samskrt denotes head. In Ayurveda Shira is known as one of the 3 extremely significant [[Marma (मर्म)|marmas]] (seats of prana or life energy). A lot of discussion about anatomy and physiology of shiras along with various diseases, pathological processes related to it can be found in Ayurveda literature. While describing all these aspects, the viewpoint of Ayurveda of looking at it is quite different from that of modern/western medicine. The same has been described here.
 == What is Shira according to Ayurveda ==
-प्राणाः प्राणभृतां यत्र श्रिताः सर्वेन्द्रियाणि च|
+Shiras is also called as uttamanga in Ayurveda. Uttara means top or above and anga means a body part. Thus the part of body located in the topmost position is called as uttamanga. Also, uttama means best or of topmost quality/significance etc. Thus shiras is also known as that body part which is of topmost significance. The reason to call it of topmost significance is as follows,<blockquote>प्राणाः प्राणभृतां यत्र श्रिताः सर्वेन्द्रियाणि च| यदुत्तमाङ्गमाङ्गानां शिरस्तदभिधीयते||१२|| (Char. Samh. Su 17.12)</blockquote>Meaning: Shiras (head) is foremost among all organs as it is the part of the body where the life energy and all the vital centers of sensory and motor organs (indriyas) of a living-being are located. (Thus) It is vital (uttama) amongst all the other organs of the body.
-यदुत्तमाङ्गमाङ्गानां शिरस्तदभिधीयते||१२|| (Char. Samh. Su 17.12)
+Therefore it is clear that Shiras is the seat of all the sensory and motor organs according to Ayurveda. Also being one of the marmas, the life energy is also concentrated at this place. It indicates that, any injury to this part of the body will certainly affect indriyas, pranas and thus the entire life. It is also clear from the above discussion that, ancient Ayurveda scholars very well knew the level of seriousness of  neurological disorders, the center of all of which is situated in brain and nerves that are situated inside head.
 === Anatomy related Shiras ===
-Getway
+Ayurveda acharyas have counted Shiras in one of the 6 angas knows as Shadangas in Human. <blockquote>तच्च षडङ्गं- शाखाश्चतस्रो, मध्यं पञ्चमं, षष्ठं शिर इति ||३|| (Sush. Samh. 5.3)<ref>Sushruta Samita Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 3</ref></blockquote>'''Entrance or Gateway'''
-Sanghata
+It is also described that Nose is the entry point of shiras. It has been described like follows,<blockquote>द्वारं हि शिरसो नासा तेन तद् व्याप्य हन्ति तान्||८८|| Cha. Si 9.88</blockquote>'''Bahirmukha strotas'''
-चतुर्दशास्थ्नां सङ्घाताः; .....त्रिकशिरसोरेकैकः ||१६|| Su. Sha 5.16
+Nose is counted as one of the bahirmukha strotasa (channel of passage for various body elements having opening on outer surface of body) along with 5 other such openings situated in head. The other 5 openings are 2 eyes, 2 ears and 1 oral cavity. <ref>Charaka Samhita Sharirasthana Adhyaya 7 Sutra 12-13</ref>
-asthi
+'''Marma'''
-in number, kapala asthi Su sha 5.19-20
+Shiras is known as one of the vital points or marmas. <blockquote>सप्तोत्तरं मर्मशतं यदुक्तं शरीरसङ्ख्यामधिकृत्य तेभ्यः| मर्माणि बस्तिं हृदयं शिरश्च प्रधानभूतानि वदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः||३||
-==== Marma ====
+प्राणाश्रयात्, तानि हि पीडयन्तो वातादयोऽसूनपि पीडयन्ति| (Char. Samh. chi 26.3-4)</blockquote>Total 107 marmas have been listed by Ayurveda scholars. Among them 3 are extremely significant and vital. Shiras is one of these 3 vital marmas. Since this is the seat of life energy any disturbance in this point will lead to disturbance in life in total.
-मर्माणि बस्तिं हृदयं शिरश्च प्रधानभूतानि वदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः||३||
+Bones, Joints, muscles and other structures related to shiras have been discussed in Ayurveda literature at relevant places. Apart from the shiras being a marma itself, simanta, the fine lines of joint between skull bones known as Simantas have also been counted in marmas and effect of injury to them is also described. <ref>Sushruta Samhita Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 27</ref>
-प्राणाश्रयात्, तानि हि पीडयन्तो वातादयोऽसूनपि पीडयन्ति| (Char. Samh. chi 26.3-4)
+The internal structure of pathways of various sensory and motor organs along with seat of prana (life energy) is said to be present in a particular manner in Shiras. Ayurveda acharyas have explain this structure in a simplified way with the help of a similie. They say that, like the radiating spicules of the rays of sunlight that seem to be present far away somewhere from the sun but originate from only one center i.e. Sun, all these Indriyas and prana (life energy) are situated in Shiras but could be seen/manifested anywhere else over the body. <blockquote>शिरसि इन्द्रियाणि इन्द्रियप्राणवहानि च स्रोतांसि सूर्यमिव गभस्तयः संश्रितानि, (Ch siddhi 9.4)</blockquote>
 Effect of head injury
 तेषां त्रयाणामन्यतमस्यापि भेदादाश्वेव शरीरभेदः स्यात्, आश्रयनाशादाश्रितस्यापि विनाशः; तदुपघातात्तु <sup>[५]</sup> घोरतरव्याधिप्रादुर्भावः; तस्मादेतानि विशेषेण रक्ष्याणि बाह्याभिघाद्वातादिभ्यश्च||५|| ??Char. Samh. chi 26.3-4)

@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 शिरस्यभिहते मन्यास्तम्भार्दितचक्षुर्विभ्रममोहोद्वेष्टनचेष्टानाशकासश्वासहनुग्रहमूकगद्गदत्वाक्षिनिमीलन- गण्डस्पन्दनजृम्भणलालास्रावस्वरहानिवदनजिह्मत्वादीनि, (Cha. SI 9.6)
 == Preventive ==
@@ Line 100: / Line 104: @@
 व्यवायादाशुबलनाशोरुसादशिरोबस्तिगुदमेढ्रवङ्क्षणोरुजा Cha. Si 12.14
 == Treatment aspects ==
@@ Line 107: / Line 115: @@
 === Jeerna ghruta ===
-योनिकर्णशिरःशूलं घृतं जीर्णमपोहति||२३३|| (Char. SAmh. su 27.233)
+योनिकर्णशिरःशूलं घृतं जीर्णमपोहति||२३३|| (Char. SAmh. su 27.233)  (Su su 45.107)
 === Nasya ===
@@ Line 201: / Line 214: @@
 शस्त्रारणिनिभां कुर्यात्तीव्रां सोऽर्धावभेदकः| Cha. Si 9. 74-76
 == References ==