Pravrta Rtu (प्रावृट ऋतु) - Revision history

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Specifications related to Pravrt rtu described in Samhitas

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Pravrta or Pravrsha in Samskrit refers to the rains. Rtu or Rutu or Ritu means season. Thus Pravrt or Pravrsh is the rainy season or monsoon in Bharata. In Ayurveda, along with the mention of 6 Rtus and their [[Rutucharya (ऋतुचर्या)|Rutucharya]], Pravrt season has also been specifically mentioned and do's and dont's in this season have also been suggested by acharyas. Acharya Sushruta in [[Sushruta Samhita (सुश्रुतसंहिता)|Sushruta samhita]] has given this high importance and counted Pravta/pravrsha along with Varsha Rtu under the 6 seasons list while skipping Shishira rtu, one of the winter rtus quite similar to hemanta rtu. The seasons or Rtus have been listed and counted in accordance with their order of appearance and the [[Doshas (दोषाः)|dosha]] aggravation they cause. Every season affects the internal balance in the body and thus in order to remain fit and healthy, one is advised to adopt Rtucharya as a preventive healthcare measure in [[Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदः)|Ayurveda]].

== Months of Hindu calendar for Pravrt rtu ==
AS per Hindu calendar in Bharata, for every 2 months there is one season. Therefore for 12 months there are 6 seasons. However the seasons are listed with little variation in the names in 2 different cases. The list of season and months in Hindu calendar is given below,
{| class="wikitable"
|+Hindu calendar months and corresponding Rtus / seasons of the year
!No.
!Rtu list 1
!Hindu calendar months
!Rtu list 2
!Hindu calendar months
!Corresponding season
|-
|1
|Shishira (शिशिरः)
|Magha, Phalguna
| ---
| ---
|Winter
|-
|2
|Vasanta (वसंतः)
|Chaitra, Vaishakha
|Vasanta (वसंतः)
|Falguna, Chaitra
|Spring
|-
|3
|Grishma (ग्रीष्मः)
|Jyeshtha, Ashadha
|Grishma (ग्रीष्मः)
|Vaishakha, Jyeshtha
|Summer
|-
|4
| ---
| ---
|'''Pravrt / Pravrush (प्रावृट्/प्रावृष्)'''
|'''Ashadha, Shravana'''
|'''Early Monsoon'''
|-
|5
|Varsha (वर्षा)
|Shravana, Bhadrapada
|Varsha (वर्षा)
|Bhadrapada, Ashvin
|Monsoon
|-
|6
|Sharad (शरदः)
|Ashvin, Kartika
|Sharad (शरदः)
|Kartika, Margashirsha
|Autumn
|-
|7
|Hemanta (हेमंतः)
|Margashirsha, Pausha
|Hemanta (हेमंतः)
|Pausha, Magha
|Winter or late autumn
|}

Pravrt rtu appears in Ashadha and Shravana months as per Hindu calendar. <blockquote>आषाढश्रावणौ-प्रावृट् (Sush. Samh. 6.10)<ref name=":0">Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=pravRuS Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 10])</ref></blockquote>

== प्रावृड्वर्षयोः को भेदः? Difference between Pravrt and Varsha Rtu ==
Varsha rtu is traditionally and popularly known to be the rainy season in Bharata. We also know that even Pravrt season indicates rains or rainy season. Thus there might arise a question about what is the difference in the pravrt and Varsha and why those have been counted separately. Commentator Dalhana of Sushruta samhita clarifies that, the first rains or the beginning of the rainy season is called as pravrt while its uninterrupted succession in later months should be considered as Varsha rtu. <blockquote>प्रथमः प्रवृष्टेः कालः प्रावृड्, तस्यानुबन्धो वर्षाः| (Commentary of Dalhana on Sush. Samh. 6.10)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>Therefore the commencement of the monsoons in Bharata is known as Pravrt while its continuation in later months is known as Varsha rtu. The Pravrt rtu has been specifically counted in the season list when the specific therapeutic regime or panchakarma is to be advised pertaining to the beginning of each season. When Ayurveda acharyas list the seasons to specify the dominant [[Rasa (रसः)|rasa]] and [[Balam (बलम्)|bala]] in that time of the year, the season list includes Shishira and Varsha while Pravrt is skipped. These details regarding the effect of every season or the changes occurring in human body with respect to the seasonal change are extremely important for any [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidya]] to understand the disease processes and plan the proper treatment as well as the diet-lifestyle regime for an individual patient.

As per the opinion of acharya Kashyapa, season counting and variations in it are dependent upon which part of the Bharata in are they counted. He says that on the south of the river ganga the rains stretch for a longer period during the year while in the northen part of river ganga, the winter extends for a longer period than rains. Therefore in south India the season are counted in a different way than seasons in the north India. <blockquote>संज्ञाभेदं च देशभेदेनाह काश्यपः-"भूयो वर्षति पर्जन्यो गङ्गाया दक्षिणे तटे| अतः प्रावृट् च वर्षाश्च ऋतू तत्र प्रकल्पितौ|| तस्या एवोत्तरे देशे हिमवद्विन्ध्यसङ्कुले| भूयः शीतमतस्तत्र हेमन्तशिशिरावुभौ||" इति| दक्षिणदेशीयैर्वृष्टिसंबन्धिनोर्द्वयोः प्रावृड्वर्षाख्यत्वं कृत्वा, पारिशेष्याच्छीतसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोः शरद्धेमन्ताख्यत्वं कृतम्| उत्तरदेशीयैस्तु शीतसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोर्हेमन्तशिशिराख्यत्वं कृत्वा, पारिशेष्याद्वृष्टिसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोर्वर्षाशरत्संज्ञत्वं कृतमित्यर्थः| वृष्टिशीतबाहुल्योपन्यासस्तत्रान्वर्थसंज्ञार्थः , न च संज्ञासङ्करे लक्षणसङ्करः, दोषाणां दोषधातुमलसंज्ञावत्|</blockquote>

== Specifications related to Pravrt rtu described in Samhitas ==
Asht. Hrud. Su. 16.12 - इदानीं कस्मिन्काले कस्य स्नेहस्योपयोगः शस्त इति दर्शयन्नाह - ] - - - - तैलं प्रावृषि, वर्षान्ते सर्पिरन्यौ तु माधवे|

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Pravrta or Pravrsha in Samskrit refers to the rains. Rtu or Rutu or Ritu means season. Thus Pravrt or Pravrsh is the rainy season or monsoon in Bharata. In Ayurveda, along with the mention of 6 Rtus and their [[Rutucharya (ऋतुचर्या)|Rutucharya]], Pravrt season has also been specifically mentioned and do's and dont's in this season have also been suggested by acharyas. Acharya Sushruta in [[Sushruta Samhita (सुश्रुतसंहिता)|Sushruta samhita]] has given this high importance and counted Pravta/pravrsha along with Varsha Rtu under the 6 seasons list while skipping Shishira rtu, one of the winter rtus quite similar to hemanta rtu. The seasons or Rtus have been listed and counted in accordance with their order of appearance and the [[Doshas (दोषाः)|dosha]] aggravation they cause. Every season affects the internal balance in the body and thus in order to remain fit and healthy, one is advised to adopt Rtucharya as a preventive healthcare measure in [[Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदः)|Ayurveda]].
@@ Line 84: / Line 82: @@
 == The status of bio-energies in body in Pravrt ==
-In Pravrt Rtu, first the sky becomes cloudy, dark and then the rain sets in. During formation of this background for rainfall in nature, significant shift from the summers to rainy season takes place. This change in outside environment affects the human bodies and leads to change in internal environment or bio-energies. Ayurveda acharyas have deeply studied this change and described the actual status of doshas, dhatus and agni in our body during Pravrt season. <blockquote>आदानदुर्बले देहे पक्ता भवति दुर्बलः| स वर्षास्वनिलादीनां दूषणैर्बाध्यते पुनः||३३|| भूबाष्पान्मेघनिस्यन्दात् पाकादम्लाज्जलस्य च| वर्षास्वग्निबले क्षीणे कुप्यन्ति पवनादयः||३४||
+In Pravrt Rtu, first the sky becomes cloudy, dark and then the rain sets in. During formation of this background for rainfall in nature, significant shift from the summers to rainy season takes place. This change in outside environment affects the human bodies and leads to change in internal environment or bio-energies. Ayurveda acharyas have deeply studied this change and described the actual status of doshas, dhatus and agni in our body during Pravrt season.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adyaya 6 Sutra 11)</ref> <ref name=":2">Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 33-40)</ref> <blockquote>आदानदुर्बले देहे पक्ता भवति दुर्बलः| स वर्षास्वनिलादीनां दूषणैर्बाध्यते पुनः||३३|| भूबाष्पान्मेघनिस्यन्दात् पाकादम्लाज्जलस्य च| वर्षास्वग्निबले क्षीणे कुप्यन्ति पवनादयः||३४||
-तस्मात् साधारणः सर्वो विधिर्वर्षासु शस्यते|
+तस्मात् साधारणः सर्वो विधिर्वर्षासु शस्यते| (Char. Samh. 6.33-34)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 33-40)</ref>
-ता एवौषधयो निदाघे निःसारा रूक्षा अतिमात्रं लघ्व्यो भवन्त्यापश्च, ता उपयुज्यमानाः सूर्यप्रतापोपशोषितदेहानां देहिनां रौक्ष्याल्लघुत्वाच्च <sup>[४]</sup> वायोः सञ्चयमापादयन्ति; स सञ्चयः प्रावृषि चात्यर्थं जलोपक्लिन्नायां भूमौ क्लिन्नदेहानां देहिनां शीतवातवर्षेरितो वातिकान् व्याधीञ्जनयति |
+Meaning: The agni becomes weak due to weakness in the entire body (dhatus) developed due to adana kala (de-energizing period statring from harsh winters to harsh summer). In Varsha or Pravrt, all the 3 doshas become vitiated due to fumes coming out from rain drops falling on the hot surface of the ground, dark, cloudy, windy climate and the sour [[Vipaka (विपाकः)|vipaka]] of the water. these vitiated doshas further vitiate already weakened agni. And due to weak agni again the doshas get vitiated. (This causes complete vicious circle which adversely affects the health and hence there are more chances to fall sick in early rainy season.) </blockquote>Therefore it is clear that in Pravrt rtu, all the 3 doshas namely vata, pitta and Kapha are vitiated and agni has become weak and vitiated as well. All these 4 elements are the actual governing forces of human physiological systems and thus one has to be very cautious while taking food and following lifestyle so not to cause any added trouble to already weakened body systems.
@@ Line 118: / Line 112: @@
 == Rtucharya for Pravrt ==
-The vata accumulated in summers and aggravated in rainy season should be kept under control by following a specific regimen for Rainy season known as Pravrt Rtucharya or Varsha Rtucharya. The do's and dont's under this regimen are as follows,<ref>Sushrut Samhita (Uttartantra Adhyaya 64 Sutra 48-55)</ref>
+The vata accumulated in summers and aggravated in rainy season should be kept under control by following a specific regimen for Rainy season known as Pravrt Rtucharya or Varsha Rtucharya. The do's and dont's under this regimen are as follows,<ref>Sushrut Samhita (Uttartantra Adhyaya 64 Sutra 48-55)</ref> <ref name=":2" />
 === What should be strictly avoided? ===
 * River water (unfiltered water)
 * Food stuffs and drinks that are ruksha (dry) in property or impart dryness to body
 * Sunrays or direct sun exposure or heat
@@ Line 130: / Line 125: @@
 * New or fresh produced food grains
 * cold water for drinking
 * Rain water obtained at this time is usually polluted with a lot of impurities from air and soil thus best to be avoided
 === What should be followed ===
-* Old food grains like yawa (barley), shali (rice), godhuma (wheat)
+* One should drink water which is collected form well or lakes and which is boiled and then cooled down.
 * Should avoid contact with outside environment and better to sleep or rest in house where there will be no exposure to direct wind
 * Different types of arishtas, sidhu, maireyakas (old fermented alcoholic Ayurvedic medicinal preparations)  once the food taken in digested well but should be avoided at night
-* Panchakarma procedures like Basti, abhyanga, swedana that help to reduce aggravated vata should be performed regularly.
+* Practice dry massage and rub dry medicated powders on body and then one should take a bath with warm water.
+* Cloths to be worn after taking bath should be light weight and clean.
-{| class="wikitable"
+* Reside at places with low humidity, use fragrances, flower garlands to keep the surroundings fresh and cheerful.
-|Varsha
+* Panchakarma procedures like Basti, Udwartana, swedana that help to reduce aggravated vata should be performed regularly.
-पिबेत् क्षौद्रान्वितं चाल्पं माध्वीकारिष्टमम्बु वा| माहेन्द्रं तप्तशीतं वा कौपं सारसमेव वा||३९||
+== Panchakarmas done in Pravrt Rtu ==
-प्रघर्षोद्वर्तनस्नानगन्धमाल्यपरो भवेत्| लघुशुद्धाम्बरः स्थानं भजेदक्लेदि वार्षिकम्||४०||
+Along with Basti, other procedures like [[Ayurvedic method of body scrub (उद्वर्तनम्)|Udwartanam-Pragharshana]] (rubbing dry powder on body) should be done. All these procedures help to alleviate the aggravated vata and other imbalanced doshas in Pravrt rtu.
 == Specifications related to Pravrt rtu described in Samhitas ==
@@ Line 170: / Line 158: @@
 == References ==

@@ Line 98: / Line 98: @@
 Time of the day equivalent to the season- अपराह्णे प्रावृषः <sup>[१]</sup> , प्रदोषे वार्षिकं, एवमहोरात्रमपि वर्षमिव शीतोष्णवर्षलक्षणं दोषोपचयप्रकोपोपशमैर्जानीयात् ||१४|| -Su. Su 6.14
-== Potable water per season ==
+== Potable water per season in Pravrt and Varsha Rtu ==
-तत्र वर्षास्वान्तरिक्षमौद्भिदं वा सेवेत, महागुणत्वात्; शरदि सर्वं, प्रसन्नत्वात्; हेमन्ते सारसं ताडागं वा; वसन्ते कौपं प्रास्रवणं वा; ग्रीष्मेऽप्येवं; प्रावृषि चौण्ट्यमनभिवृष्टं सर्वं चेति ||८||
+When the man used to drink the water from the natural sources of water as it is or at least without much processing on it, keen attention was paid towards the appropriate sources of water every season to get clean and potable drinking water. With years of observation and research Ayurveda recommended the best sources of water in each as follows, <blockquote>तत्र वर्षास्वान्तरिक्षमौद्भिदं वा सेवेत, महागुणत्वात्; ............ प्रावृषि चौण्ट्यमनभिवृष्टं सर्वं चेति ||८|| (Sush. Samh. 45.8)<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 45 Sutra 8)</ref>
-प्रावृषि चौण्ट्यमनवमनभिवृष्टं सर्वं चेति अनवं पुरातनं, तच्च सारसं ताडागं वा; अनभिवृष्टमनाभसं, तच्च कौपम्| - Su. sU 45.8)
+Commentary- प्रावृषि चौण्ट्यमनवमनभिवृष्टं सर्वं चेति अनवं पुरातनं, तच्च सारसं ताडागं वा; अनभिवृष्टमनाभसं, तच्च कौपम्| </blockquote>Under this topic, different source of water for each Pravrt and Varsha Rtu has been described by Acharya Sushruta. For Pravrt Rtu, water fetched from the well is recommended. Also the water from any source like pond or lake but which is not new or not collected from episodes of rain is recommended. Whereas, in Varsha rtu (which is believed to be the extension of the Pravrt rtu i.e. later months of rainy season) the water collected from rains or spring water can also be used which is believed to be of superior qualities.
 == Characteristics of Pravrt Rtu अव्यापन्नप्रावृडृतुलक्षणम ==
-प्रावृष्यम्बरमानद्धं पश्चिमानिलकर्षितैः <sup>[१]</sup> |
+Certain changes take place in all the elements of the nature like land, air, sky, water when one season changes to the other. These changes in the nature represent a specific season and are responsible for the changes in bio-energies in human body in that season. Acharya Sushruta has beautifully described these changes in a normal Pravrut rtu as below,<blockquote>प्रावृष्यम्बरमानद्धं पश्चिमानिलकर्षितैः | अम्बुदैर्विद्युदुद्द्योतप्रस्रुतैस्तुमुलस्वनैः ||३१||
-अम्बुदैर्विद्युदुद्द्योतप्रस्रुतैस्तुमुलस्वनैः ||३१||
+कोमलश्यामशष्पाढ्या शक्रगोपोज्ज्वला मही | कदम्बनीपकुटजसर्जकेतकभूषिता ||३२|| (Su. su. 6.31-32)</blockquote>Meaning: The sky in Pravrt rtu is cloudy. It is covered by the clouds brought together by the winds flowing from the west. From these clouds someyimes bolt of electricity are produced called lightning and the sound of '''thunder''' accompanies it. The land and the soil becomes full of newly grown tender grass. And in this damp and moist grass grow the cohineal insect making the entire land bright with their bright colours. Various trees like Kadamba (Anthocephalous kadamba), Neppa (Nypa fruticans), Kutaja (Holarrhena antidysentrica), sarja (Shorea robusta), Ketaka (Pandanus tectorius) decorate the land even more with their bloom and blossom.
 == The status of bio-energies in body in Pravrt ==

@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 Commentary- अव्यापन्नप्रावृडृतुलक्षणमाह- प्रावृषीत्यादि| पश्चिमानिलकर्षितैरम्बुदैरम्बरमाकाशं प्रावृषि आनद्धमाच्छादितं भवति| कथम्भूतैरम्बुदैरित्याह- विद्युदुद्द्योतेत्यादि|- विद्युदुद्द्योतेन सह प्रस्रुतैः क्षरितैः, तुमुलस्वनैः प्रचण्डगर्जितैः| मही च प्रावृषि कथम्भूता भवतीत्याह- कोमलेत्यादि|- शष्पं बालतृणम्, आढ्या समृद्धा| शक्रगोपः इन्द्रवधूः, अन्ये ज्योतिरिङ्गणमाहुः| नीपो धूलीकदम्बः||३१-३२||
 == Rtucharya for Pravrt ==
@@ Line 144: / Line 172: @@
 |Daytime sleeping, contact with dew, river water, intense physical exercise, exposure to sun rays and excess sexual intercourse should be avoided.
 |}
 == References ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Pravrta or Pravrsha in Samskrit refers to the rains. Rtu or Rutu or Ritu means season. Thus Pravrt or Pravrsh is the rainy season or monsoon in Bharata. In Ayurveda, along with the mention of 6 Rtus and their [[Rutucharya (ऋतुचर्या)|Rutucharya]], Pravrt season has also been specifically mentioned and do's and dont's in this season have also been suggested by acharyas. Acharya Sushruta in [[Sushruta Samhita (सुश्रुतसंहिता)|Sushruta samhita]] has given this high importance and counted Pravta/pravrsha along with Varsha Rtu under the 6 seasons list while skipping Shishira rtu, one of the winter rtus quite similar to hemanta rtu. The seasons or Rtus have been listed and counted in accordance with their order of appearance and the [[Doshas (दोषाः)|dosha]] aggravation they cause. Every season affects the internal balance in the body and thus in order to remain fit and healthy, one is advised to adopt Rtucharya as a preventive healthcare measure in [[Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदः)|Ayurveda]].
@@ Line 61: / Line 63: @@
 |Winter or late autumn
 |}
 Pravrt rtu appears in Ashadha and Shravana months as per Hindu calendar. <blockquote>आषाढश्रावणौ-प्रावृट्  (Sush. Samh. 6.10)<ref name=":0">Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=pravRuS Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 10])</ref>
@@ Line 102: / Line 103: @@
 प्रावृषि चौण्ट्यमनवमनभिवृष्टं सर्वं चेति अनवं पुरातनं, तच्च सारसं ताडागं वा; अनभिवृष्टमनाभसं, तच्च कौपम्| - Su. sU 45.8)
-== अव्यापन्नप्रावृडृतुलक्षणम ==
+== Characteristics of Pravrt Rtu अव्यापन्नप्रावृडृतुलक्षणम ==
 प्रावृष्यम्बरमानद्धं पश्चिमानिलकर्षितैः <sup>[१]</sup> |
@@ Line 114: / Line 115: @@
 == Rtucharya for Pravrt ==
-निदाघोपचितं चैव प्रकुप्यन्तं समीरणम् |
+The vata accumulated in summers and aggravated in rainy season should be kept under control by following a specific regimen for Rainy season known as Pravrt Rtucharya or Varsha Rtucharya. The do's and dont's under this regimen are as follows,<ref>Sushrut Samhita (Uttartantra Adhyaya 64 Sutra 48-55)</ref>
-निहन्यादनिलघ्नेन विधिना विधिकोविदः ||४८||
+=== What should be strictly avoided? ===
-नदीजलं रूक्षमुष्णमुदमन्थं तथाऽऽतपम् |
+* River water (unfiltered water)
-व्यायामं च दिवास्वप्नं व्यवायं चात्र वर्जयेत् ||४९||
+=== What should be followed ===
-नवान्नरूक्षशीताम्बुसक्तूंश्चापि विवर्जयेत् |
+* Old food grains like yawa (barley), shali (rice), godhuma (wheat)
-यवषष्टिकगोधूमान् शालींश्चाप्यनवांस्तथा ||५०||
+{| class="wikitable"
+|Varsha
-हर्म्यमध्ये निवाते च भजेच्छय्यां मृदूत्तराम् |
+|Monsoon
+|one should predominantly take sour, salty and unctuous food to alleviate vata. Make use of honey in food and drinks.
-सविषप्राणिविण्मूत्रलालादिष्ठीवनादिभिः ||५१||
+|Since the digestive strength is poor and Vata dosha is aggravated, one should avoid food items that are heavy on digestion and lead to flatulence.
+|Practice dry massage, reside at places with low humidity, use fragrances, garlands to keep the surroundings fresh and cheerful. This is also considered the ideal season for taking Basti which is one of the 5 types of Panchakarma treatments.
-समाप्लुतं तदा तोयमान्तरीक्षं विषोपमम् |
+|Daytime sleeping, contact with dew, river water, intense physical exercise, exposure to sun rays and excess sexual intercourse should be avoided.
+|}
 == References ==

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 == प्रावृटमासाः॥ Months of Hindu calendar for Pravrt rtu ==
-AS per Hindu calendar in Bharata, for every 2 months there is one season. Therefore for 12 months there are 6 seasons. However the seasons are listed with little variation in the names in 2 different cases. The list of season and months in Hindu calendar is given below,
+As per Hindu calendar in Bharata, for every 2 months there is one season. Therefore for 12 months there are 6 seasons. However the seasons are listed with little variation in the names in 2 different cases. The list of season and months in Hindu calendar is given below,
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Hindu calendar months and corresponding Rtus / seasons of the year

@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
-Pravrt rtu appears in Ashadha and Shravana months as per Hindu calendar. <blockquote>आषाढश्रावणौ-प्रावृट्  (Sush. Samh. 6.10)<ref name=":0">Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=pravRuS Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 10])</ref></blockquote>
+Pravrt rtu appears in Ashadha and Shravana months as per Hindu calendar. <blockquote>आषाढश्रावणौ-प्रावृट्  (Sush. Samh. 6.10)<ref name=":0">Sushruta Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=pravRuS Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 10])</ref>
 == प्रावृड्वर्षयोः को भेदः? Difference between Pravrt and Varsha Rtu ==
@@ Line 72: / Line 74: @@
 == Specifications related to Pravrt rtu described in Samhitas ==
 Asht. Hrud. Su. 16.12 - इदानीं कस्मिन्काले कस्य स्नेहस्योपयोगः शस्त इति दर्शयन्नाह - ] - - - - तैलं प्रावृषि, वर्षान्ते सर्पिरन्यौ तु माधवे|