Dinacharya (दिनचर्या) - Revision history

DrDevashree at 12:00, 10 June 2023

2023-06-10T12:00:08Z

DrDevashree: /* अभ्यङ्‍गः॥ Abhyanga */

2023-05-23T11:27:53Z

अभ्यङ्‍गः॥ Abhyanga

Ckanak93: Added illustration

2023-03-27T10:23:30Z

Added illustration

DrDevashree at 13:09, 20 August 2019

2019-08-20T13:09:34Z

DrDevashree: Added content

2019-08-20T12:50:31Z

Added content

DrDevashree at 12:04, 30 July 2019

2019-07-30T12:04:32Z

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DrDevashree at 10:22, 5 July 2019

2019-07-05T10:22:19Z

DrDevashree: Content and references

2019-07-04T13:38:22Z

Content and references

DrDevashree: /* Ushapana (Drinking water in the morning) */

2019-07-01T11:00:45Z

Ushapana (Drinking water in the morning)

DrDevashree: /* Ushapana (Drinking water in the morning) */

2019-07-01T09:41:26Z

Ushapana (Drinking water in the morning)

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:00, 10 June 2023
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	Dinacharya (दिनचर्या) refers to the daily regimen of an individual recommended by ancient Ayurveda scholars so as to preserve and promote health and well-being. Ayurveda acharyas have provided the guideline on what activities should one perform throughout the day, their sequence and the exact time when these should be performed in order to maintain the balance of body energies. Ayurveda recommends that, in order to be optimally healthy we should tune the bodies to the nature's master cycle which in turn regulates the various other rhythms. Briefly, it is the disciplined daily routine of an individual which ensures ptimum health, fitness and also prevention of lifestyle related disorders.		Dinacharya (दिनचर्या) refers to the daily regimen of an individual recommended by ancient Ayurveda scholars so as to preserve and promote health and well-being. Ayurveda acharyas have provided the guideline on what activities should one perform throughout the day, their sequence and the exact time when these should be performed in order to maintain the balance of body energies. Ayurveda recommends that, in order to be optimally healthy we should tune the bodies to the nature's master cycle which in turn regulates the various other rhythms. Briefly, it is the disciplined daily routine of an individual which ensures ptimum health, fitness and also prevention of lifestyle related disorders.

@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 === शौचविधिः॥ Shoucha vidhi ===
-Shoucha vidhi means excretion of Mala (stools) & Mutra (Urine). It is very necessary to inculcate the habit of easing in the morning. It is the physiological reflex of the body to expel the accumulated waste byproducts of digestion of food known as Purisha or Shakrut [[Malas (मलाः)|mala]] in Ayurveda. Easy and timely passage of Purisha mala is said to be the sign of a healthy individual. This process cleanses the body and aids in maintaining the the right balance of function of digestion and metabolism. It is counted among the अविधारणीय वेगाः। i.e 13 natural urges of the body which when suppressed lead to multiple disturbances.<ref>Ashtanga Hrdayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 4 Sutram 1)</ref> A tendency of Vega Vidharana (to suppress the natural urges) is the root cause of many diseases. <ref name=":2">HAND BOOK OF DOMESTIC MEDICINE AND COMMON AYURVEDIC REMEDIES. '''Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi''', Designed and Developed by NIIMH, Hyderabad. Chapter 2 available from <nowiki>http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ayuhandbook/chapter2.php</nowiki> </ref> Thus, in the context of Svasthavrtta (preventive healthcare) easy and regular passage of stools at this time of the morning is said to be beneficial.
+Shoucha vidhi means excretion of Mala (stools) & Mutra (Urine). It is very necessary to inculcate the habit of easing in the morning. It is the physiological reflex of the body to expel the accumulated waste byproducts of digestion of food known as Purisha or Shakrut [[Malas (मलाः)|mala]] in Ayurveda. Easy and timely passage of Purisha mala is said to be the sign of a healthy individual. This process cleanses the body and aids in maintaining the the right balance of function of digestion and metabolism. It is counted among the अविधारणीय वेगाः। i.e 13 natural urges of the body which when suppressed lead to multiple disturbances.<ref>Ashtanga Hrdayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 4 Sutram 1)</ref> A tendency of [[Vega (वेगाः)|Vega]] Vidharana (to suppress the natural urges) is the root cause of many diseases. <ref name=":2">HAND BOOK OF DOMESTIC MEDICINE AND COMMON AYURVEDIC REMEDIES. '''Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi''', Designed and Developed by NIIMH, Hyderabad. Chapter 2 available from <nowiki>http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ayuhandbook/chapter2.php</nowiki> </ref> Thus, in the context of Svasthavrtta (preventive healthcare) easy and regular passage of stools at this time of the morning is said to be beneficial.
 === दन्तधावनम् तथा जिव्हानिर्लेखनम्॥ Cleaning the teeth and tongue ===
@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 Anjana vidhi refers to the act of applying collyrium in eyes daily after all the accumulated impurities in body are washed out via excretion and brushing. It is advised that one must use Souviranjana (a type of collyrium ) for daily application. when practiced daily, collyrium provides health and strength to the eyes.
-=== Nasyam॥ नस्यम् ===
+=== नस्यम् ॥ Nasyam ===
-Also called as Navanam. This is one of the 5 main procedures in Panchakarmas. Nasyam refers to the nasal instillation of medicated oil or any suitable liquid. This particular Panchakarma therapy is believed to cleanse the channels located in head and neck. Thus this procedure is employed in Ayurveda treatments when the individual is suffering from diseases of head and neck. However, one form of it is recommended to be adopted as a part of one's daily routine in the morning regimen so as to keep this vital part of the body devoid of impurities accumulated on daily basis. The choice of the oil or medicated liquid should be decided after complete evaluation of one's Prakrti by a learned vaidya.
+Also called as Navanam. This is one of the 5 main procedures in Panchakarmas. [[Nasya (नस्यम्)|Nasyam]] refers to the nasal instillation of medicated oil or any suitable liquid. This particular Panchakarma therapy is believed to cleanse the channels located in head and neck. Thus this procedure is employed in Ayurveda treatments when the individual is suffering from diseases of head and neck. However, one form of it is recommended to be adopted as a part of one's daily routine in the morning regimen so as to keep this vital part of the body devoid of impurities accumulated on daily basis. The choice of the oil or medicated liquid should be decided after complete evaluation of one's Prakrti by a learned vaidya.
 === गण्डूष धारणम्॥ Oil pulling ===
 Although oil pulling is attracting the attention of many healthcare professionals in recent times, one must know that this method is recommended as a part of daily routine by ancient Ayurveda scholars. This procedure is known as Gandusha (गण्डूष) and is advised for maintaining the best functioning of organs above neck and parts of oral cavity like lips, teeth, tongue and throat. It is also believed to be enhancing the quality of voice. The details on the method of oil pulling, ingredients etc are described in various classical Ayurveda treatises. One can learn it from a learned [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidya]].
-=== Dhumapanam॥ धूमपानम् ===
+=== धूमपानम्॥ Dhumapanam ===
 Dhumapana literally means smoking. Smoking medicated cigarettes is recommended as a part of daily morning routine after Nasyam and Gandusha. The herbal cigarettes are known as Dhumavartis that are prepared using combinations of various herbs selected on the basis of desired action on doshas and rogas. The detailed procedure of dhumapana including the choice of herbs, length of cigarette, route of smoke inhalation, time and other do's and dont's are found in classical Ayurveda literature.
 Dhumapana is believed to be the best procedure to keep check on Kapaha and Vata dosha specifically located in head and neck region. Methodical dhumapana is said to beneficial in alleviating heaviness in head, headache, migraine, pain and various affections of ear, throat, nose, teeth, eyes, neck, voice, hair and intellect. It effectively enhances the strength of Shiras (head and organs situated inside head), hair, Indriyani (sensory and motor organs) and improves the quality of voice. (Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 27-32)
-=== Tambulsevanam॥ ताम्बूलसेवनम् ===
+=== ताम्बूलसेवनम् ॥ Tambulsevanam ===
 Tambula is the sanskrit term used for the betel leaf. Either a natural mouth freshener like Jatiphalam (Nutmeg) or Lavanagam (clove) or a mixture of these wrapped in a betel leaf should be taken by those who wish to have clear and fresh breath. This regime is described as Tambulasevanam.
 However, there are certain contraindications. Individuals suffering from hemorrhagic disorders, certain eye problems, poisoning etc should adopt Nasyam, Gandusham, Dhumapanam and Tambulsevanam only after consulting Vaidya or otherwise it is better to avoid these regimes.
-=== अभ्यङ्‍गः॥ Abhyanga  ===
+=== अभ्यङ्‍गः॥ Abhyanga ===
-Abhyanga is the sanskrit term for oil massage. By default, it refers to the whole body massage with oil. This forms an integral part of many Panchakarma procedures. Ayurveda acharyas have included this in Dinacharya as well. Ayurveda recommends whole body oil massage on daily basis. Further oil massage of head, feet and ears has been specifically stressed upon. For a healthy person, plain sesame oil is recommended for daily abhyanga. Medicated oil can also be used after consulting a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]].
+[[Abhyanga (अभ्यङ्गम् )|Abhyanga (अभ्यङ्‍गः]])  is the sanskrit term for oil massage. By default, it refers to the whole body massage with oil. This forms an integral part of many Panchakarma procedures. Ayurveda acharyas have included this in Dinacharya as well. Ayurveda recommends whole body oil massage on daily basis. Further oil massage of head, feet and ears has been specifically stressed upon. For a healthy person, plain sesame oil is recommended for daily abhyanga. Medicated oil can also be used after consulting a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]].
 Oil massage ensures rejuvenating effects on skin, relaxation, soft and hydrated skin thereby enhancing strength, firmness and smooth functioning of skin and all related body structures. <ref name=":2" />
 === व्यायामः॥ Vyayama ===
-Vyayama means any kind of physical exercise. This comes after Abhyanga in daily regimen. Ayurveda defines Vyayma as 'a physical activity that brings stability and strength to the body'. Thus, any physical activity that causes only fatigue and not strength or stability is not included under Vyayama. Such strengthening physical activity must be performed daily in proper amount. Excessively heavy exercise that bring fatigue and feeling of tiredness is prohibited.<blockquote>शरीरचेष्टा या चेष्टा स्थैर्यार्था बलवर्धिनी| </blockquote><blockquote>देहव्यायामसङ्ख्याता मात्रया तां समाचरेत्|| (Char. Samh. 7.31) <ref name=":4">Charaka samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 7 Sutra 31-34)</ref></blockquote>Regular exercise is essential for perfect health. It brings up strength, stamina and resistance against disease, pacification of aggravated doshas,  improves digestive function and thus helps to maintain health.<ref name=":4" /> However, one should be careful in selection and extent of exercise when he is suffering from diseases. The signs and symptoms of exercise performed to appropriate limit are described in classical treatises. Further diseases that may develop due to heavy exercise have also been mentioned in Ayurveda treatises.<ref name=":2" />
+[[Vyayama (व्यायामम्)|Vyayama (व्यायामः)]] means any kind of physical exercise. This comes after Abhyanga in daily regimen. Ayurveda defines Vyayma as 'a physical activity that brings stability and strength to the body'. Thus, any physical activity that causes only fatigue and not strength or stability is not included under Vyayama. Such strengthening physical activity must be performed daily in proper amount. Excessively heavy exercise that bring fatigue and feeling of tiredness is prohibited.<blockquote>शरीरचेष्टा या चेष्टा स्थैर्यार्था बलवर्धिनी| </blockquote><blockquote>देहव्यायामसङ्ख्याता मात्रया तां समाचरेत्|| (Char. Samh. 7.31) <ref name=":4">Charaka samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 7 Sutra 31-34)</ref></blockquote>Regular exercise is essential for perfect health. It brings up strength, stamina and resistance against disease, pacification of aggravated doshas,  improves digestive function and thus helps to maintain health.<ref name=":4" /> However, one should be careful in selection and extent of exercise when he is suffering from diseases. The signs and symptoms of exercise performed to appropriate limit are described in classical treatises. Further diseases that may develop due to heavy exercise have also been mentioned in Ayurveda treatises.<ref name=":2" />
 === स्नानम्॥ Snanam ===
@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 === आहारः॥ Diet ===
-Diet should be regulated taking into account the Desha, Kala (season) and habit. Diet should be planned to include all six Rasa (taste) i.e. sweet, saltish, sour, bitter, acrid and astringent. Diet should be balanced and the quantity should be according to one’s digestive capacity.<ref name=":2" />
+[[Ahara (आहारः)|Ahara (आहारः]]) refers to the food/diet that one eats. Diet should be regulated taking into account the [[Desha in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे देश:)|Desha]], [[Kala (कालः)|Kala]] (season) and habit and selecting [[Food as medicine (आहारस्य महाभेषजत्वम्)|food as medicine]] to balance disturbances that might emerge due to these factors. Diet should be planned to include all six [[Rasa (रसः)|Rasa]] (taste) i.e. sweet, saltish, sour, bitter, acrid and astringent. Diet should be balanced and the quantity should be according to one’s digestive capacity. In short one should try to practice [[Healthy food habits (आहारविधिः)|healthy food habits]] daily to maintain health.<ref name=":2" />
 === Other components of Dinacharya and their significance ===
@@ Line 140: / Line 140: @@
 === निद्रा॥ Sleep ===
-Sleep is most important for maintenance of health and longevity for the human beings. It is appropriately called ‘Jagaddhātri’ because of its mechanism of overcoming wear and tear of the body due to physical work and mental stress and tissue loss.<ref name=":2" />
+[[Nidra (निद्रा)|Nidra]] refers to the sleep. Sleep is most important for maintenance of health and longevity for the human beings. It is appropriately called ‘Jagaddhātri’ because of its mechanism of overcoming wear and tear of the body due to physical work and mental stress and tissue loss.<ref name=":2" />
 Tips on sleep<ref name=":2" />

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:23, 27 March 2023
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	== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==		== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
		+	[[File:12. corrected dinacharya for article .png\|thumb\|454x454px]]
	Dinacharya is the unique concept elaborated in Ayurveda under the section of [[Svasthavrtta (स्वस्थवृत्तम्)\|Svasthavrtta]] (स्वस्थवृत्तम् । preventive healthcare). Even before 2000 years ago, ancient Ayurveda scholars had recognized the significance of following a specific daily regimen in order to preserve the good health. It is believed that, ‘Kala’ (कालः। time) is always changing and it is that one causative factor of diseases which is beyond the control of [[Purusha (पुरुषः)\|Purusha]] (पुरुषः). Changing times of the day also affect the internal environment of the human body. The physiological levels of [[Doshas (दोषाः)\|Doshas]] (दोषाः), which are considered as the controlling forces of various functions of the body, is disturbed even because of the minute changes in the external environment. One needs to bring the equilibrium of their natural state back in the system in order to maintain the normal functioning of the life which is a complex union of body, mind and life energy. By establishing a routine that "goes with the flow " of these elemental energies, we are able to more easily support the body 's natural rhythms and healing potential. Thus, one should follow a specific regimen daily, to restore the balance of doshas which are disturbed due to the day and night cycle. This regimen should be followed on the daily basis. Therefore, Ayurveda acharyas have put forward the list of activities which should be the part of one’s daily regime. These activities have been described in detail under the topic of Dinacharya in Ayurveda scriptures.		Dinacharya is the unique concept elaborated in Ayurveda under the section of [[Svasthavrtta (स्वस्थवृत्तम्)\|Svasthavrtta]] (स्वस्थवृत्तम् । preventive healthcare). Even before 2000 years ago, ancient Ayurveda scholars had recognized the significance of following a specific daily regimen in order to preserve the good health. It is believed that, ‘Kala’ (कालः। time) is always changing and it is that one causative factor of diseases which is beyond the control of [[Purusha (पुरुषः)\|Purusha]] (पुरुषः). Changing times of the day also affect the internal environment of the human body. The physiological levels of [[Doshas (दोषाः)\|Doshas]] (दोषाः), which are considered as the controlling forces of various functions of the body, is disturbed even because of the minute changes in the external environment. One needs to bring the equilibrium of their natural state back in the system in order to maintain the normal functioning of the life which is a complex union of body, mind and life energy. By establishing a routine that "goes with the flow " of these elemental energies, we are able to more easily support the body 's natural rhythms and healing potential. Thus, one should follow a specific regimen daily, to restore the balance of doshas which are disturbed due to the day and night cycle. This regimen should be followed on the daily basis. Therefore, Ayurveda acharyas have put forward the list of activities which should be the part of one’s daily regime. These activities have been described in detail under the topic of Dinacharya in Ayurveda scriptures.

@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 Diet should be regulated taking into account the Desha, Kala (season) and habit. Diet should be planned to include all six Rasa (taste) i.e. sweet, saltish, sour, bitter, acrid and astringent. Diet should be balanced and the quantity should be according to one’s digestive capacity.<ref name=":2" />
-Tips on diet<ref name=":2" />
+=== Other components of Dinacharya and their significance ===
-.	Fresh ginger with a small amount of salt should be taken 10 to 15 minutes before food.
+==== अम्बरधारणम्॥Clothing ====
-.	The diet, specially hard substances should be properly chewed.
+==== गन्धमाल्यनिषेवणम्॥Wearing fragrances ====
-.	Wherever possible intake of curd or whey should follow food.
+==== रत्नाभरणधारणम्॥Wearing jewellery or accessories ====
-.	The food should be tasty, fresh and good in appearance.
+==== शौचाधानम्॥Cleaning of feet and other body parts / Hygiene ====
-.	It should neither be very hot nor absolutely cold.
+==== सम्प्रसाधनम्॥Grooming / Cutting nails and hair ====
-.	Water should be avoided at least 15 minutes before food. The quantity of water after food should be small. Let it be drunk often.
+==== पादत्रधारणम्॥Use of Footwear ====
-.	Heavy (Guru) food should be is taken in a limited quantity.
+==== छत्रधारणम् तथा दण्डधारणम्॥Use of umbrella and tools for self defense ====
+घर्मानिलरजोम्बुघ्नं छत्रधारणमुच्यते||१०१||
-.	Heavy food should not be taken at night. The proper time for night meal is two to three hours before going to bed. After night food, it is better to go for a short walk, of say hundred steps.
+स्खलतः सम्प्रतिष्ठानं शत्रूणां च निषूदनम्|
+अवष्टम्भनमायुष्यं भयघ्नं दण्डधारणम्||१०२||
 === निद्रा॥ Sleep ===

@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 === दन्तधावनम् तथा जिव्हानिर्लेखनम्॥ Cleaning the teeth and tongue ===
 The next step in the daily regimen is named as Dantadhavana and Jivhanirlekhana. Dantadhavana refers to the cleaning of teeth while Jivhanirlekhana suggests cleaning of tongue and mouth. Ancient Ayurveda acharyas have described in detail materials and methods of Dantadhavana. <ref name=":3">Charaka samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 71-75])</ref> Ayurveda advocates use of sticks of various medicinal herbs for cleaning of teeth and tongue. The knowledge and wisdom of Ayurveda scholars was so exceptionally well that they recommended specific herbs for specific Prakrti individuals for cleaning teeth and tongue. Scrapping of tongue has been advised with metallic tools to clean accumulated wastes on tongue.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
 === गण्डूष धारणम्॥ Oil pulling ===
 Although oil pulling is attracting the attention of many healthcare professionals in recent times, one must know that this method is recommended as a part of daily routine by ancient Ayurveda scholars. This procedure is known as Gandusha (गण्डूष) and is advised for maintaining the best functioning of organs above neck and parts of oral cavity like lips, teeth, tongue and throat. It is also believed to be enhancing the quality of voice. The details on the method of oil pulling, ingredients etc are described in various classical Ayurveda treatises. One can learn it from a learned [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidya]].
-=== अञ्जनविधिः॥ Anjana vidhi ===
+=== Dhumapanam॥ धूमपानम् ===
-Anjana vidhi refers to the act of applying collyrium in eyes daily after all the accumulated impurities in body are washed out via excretion and brushing. It is advised that one must use Souviranjana (a type of collyrium ) for daily application. when practiced daily, collyrium provides health and strength to the eyes.
+Dhumapana literally means smoking. Smoking medicated cigarettes is recommended as a part of daily morning routine after Nasyam and Gandusha. The herbal cigarettes are known as Dhumavartis that are prepared using combinations of various herbs selected on the basis of desired action on doshas and rogas. The detailed procedure of dhumapana including the choice of herbs, length of cigarette, route of smoke inhalation, time and other do's and dont's are found in classical Ayurveda literature.
 === अभ्यङ्‍गः॥ Abhyanga  ===

@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 Further, it is mentioned that, some part of this water can be consumed through the nostrils. Bhavaprakasha opines that, 3 Prasrti of water can be consumed through nostrils which is helpful for prevention of Vali (wrinkles), Palita (gray hair), Pinasa (rhinitis), Swarabhanga (hoarseness of voice), Kasa (Cough), Shotha (edema) and acts as Rasayana and improves eyesight.
-=== Excretion (Mala & Mutra Tyaga) ===
+=== Shoucha vidhi ===
-It is very necessary to inculcate the habit of easing in the morning. It is the physiological reflex of the body to expel the accumulated waste byproducts of digestion of food called as Purisha or Shakrut mala in Ayurveda. Easy and timely passage of Purisha mala is said to be the sign of a healthy individual. This process cleanses the body and aids in maintaining the the right balance in the function of digestion and metabolism. It is counted among the 13 natural urges of the body which when suppressed lead to multiple disturbances. <ref>Ashtanga Hrdayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 4 Sutram 1)</ref> A tendency of Vega Vidharana (to suppress the natural urges) is the root cause of many diseases. <ref name=":2">HAND BOOK OF DOMESTIC MEDICINE AND COMMON AYURVEDIC REMEDIES. '''Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi''', Designed and Developed by NIIMH, Hyderabad. Chapter 2 available from <nowiki>http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ayuhandbook/chapter2.php</nowiki> </ref> Thus, in the context of Svasthavrtta (preventive healthcare) easy and regular passage of stools at this time of the morning is said to be beneficial.
+Shoucha vidhi means excretion of Mala (stools) & Mutra (Urine). It is very necessary to inculcate the habit of easing in the morning. It is the physiological reflex of the body to expel the accumulated waste byproducts of digestion of food called as Purisha or Shakrut mala in Ayurveda. Easy and timely passage of Purisha mala is said to be the sign of a healthy individual. This process cleanses the body and aids in maintaining the the right balance in the function of digestion and metabolism. It is counted among the 13 natural urges of the body which when suppressed lead to multiple disturbances. <ref>Ashtanga Hrdayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 4 Sutram 1)</ref> A tendency of Vega Vidharana (to suppress the natural urges) is the root cause of many diseases. <ref name=":2">HAND BOOK OF DOMESTIC MEDICINE AND COMMON AYURVEDIC REMEDIES. '''Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi''', Designed and Developed by NIIMH, Hyderabad. Chapter 2 available from <nowiki>http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ayuhandbook/chapter2.php</nowiki> </ref> Thus, in the context of Svasthavrtta (preventive healthcare) easy and regular passage of stools at this time of the morning is said to be beneficial.
 === Cleaning the Teeth and Mouth ===
 The next step in the daily regimen is named as Dantadhavana and Jivhanirlekhana. Dantadhavana refers to the cleaning the teeth while Jivhanirlekhana suggests cleaning of tongue and mouth. Ancient Ayurveda acharyas have described in detail materials and methods of Dantadhavana. <ref name=":3">Charaka samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 71-75])</ref> Ayurveda advocates use of sticks of various medicinal herbs for cleaning of teeth and tongue. The knowledge and wisdom of Ayurveda scholars was so exceptionally well that they recommended specific herbs for specific Prakrti individuals for cleaning teeth and tongue. Scrapping of tongue has been advised with metallic tools to clean accumulated wastes on tongue.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
 === Abhyanga  ===

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 And after saying that proposed the ready-made list of such daily regimen to preserve health of an individual which is known as Dinacharya. This daily regime includes specially designed activities which have the capacity to neutralize the deleterious effects of various times of the day and night cycle and regular acts followed to achieve Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha.
 == Importance of Dinacharya in today's world ==
-(Needs to be edited) Principle of dincharya is more relevant in current era because everybody is in rush and running according to fast life-style of present time. Even nobody has time for himself also. So, result is emergence of epidemic due to life-style disorders both communicable and non-communicable. Although modern medical science has been very much developed with latest technologies and antibiotics, etc. and prevalence of communicable diseases has also been reduced very much. On the other hand non-communicable diseases are emerging very rapidly both in developed and developing countries. Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are at present the leading causes of death in developed countries e.g. Europe and North America accounting for 70-75 percent of total deaths . The prevalence of noncommunicable diseases has been increased in recent some years in India also due to blindly following of western culture. Two important reasons for emergence of non-communicable diseases are accepted; one is increasing life expectancy and second is rapid changes in life-style and behavioral patterns of people. Life-style changes and stress factor are included among the six key sets of risk factors responsible for the major share of adult non-communicable diseases . This trend of present time cannot be changed as it is demand of this era but life-style can be modified by simple interventions through procedures of dincharya. Dincharya prevents both types of diseases mentioned above. In the case of communicable diseases it not only prevents the communication of diseases but also strengthen the immunity of the individual. On the other hand in the case of non-communicable diseases it maintains the agni (digestive power) and thus metabolism. This results in removal of toxins from the channels and proper nutrition of all the cells and tissues. This fact not only maintains homeostasis of each cell but also slow down the decaying and degenerative changes carried out in every cell due to time. All these positive things can be achieved by very low expense. There is only need of time management according to individual’s own current life-style. Even modern medical science also recommends this fact that people should go close to their traditional life-style patterns. <ref name=":0">Durgawati Devi et al. International journal of ayurvedic & herbal medicine 1(2) sep-oct 2011(39-45)</ref>
+(Needs to be edited) Principle of dinacharya is more relevant in current era because everybody is in rush and running according to fast life-style of present time. Even nobody has time for himself also. So, result is emergence of epidemic due to life-style disorders both communicable and non-communicable. Although modern medical science has been very much developed with latest technologies and antibiotics, etc. and prevalence of communicable diseases has also been reduced very much. On the other hand non-communicable diseases are emerging very rapidly both in developed and developing countries. Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are at present the leading causes of death in developed countries e.g. Europe and North America accounting for 70-75 percent of total deaths . The prevalence of noncommunicable diseases has been increased in recent some years in India also due to blindly following of western culture. Two important reasons for emergence of non-communicable diseases are accepted; one is increasing life expectancy and second is rapid changes in life-style and behavioral patterns of people. Life-style changes and stress factor are included among the six key sets of risk factors responsible for the major share of adult non-communicable diseases . This trend of present time cannot be changed as it is demand of this era but life-style can be modified by simple interventions through procedures of dincharya. Dincharya prevents both types of diseases mentioned above. In the case of communicable diseases it not only prevents the communication of diseases but also strengthen the immunity of the individual. On the other hand in the case of non-communicable diseases it maintains the agni (digestive power) and thus metabolism. This results in removal of toxins from the channels and proper nutrition of all the cells and tissues. This fact not only maintains homeostasis of each cell but also slow down the decaying and degenerative changes carried out in every cell due to time. All these positive things can be achieved by very low expense. There is only need of time management according to individual’s own current life-style. Even modern medical science also recommends this fact that people should go close to their traditional life-style patterns. <ref name=":0">Durgawati Devi et al. International journal of ayurvedic & herbal medicine 1(2) sep-oct 2011(39-45)</ref>
 == Dinacharya (Daily regimen) ==
@@ Line 64: / Line 67: @@
 Further, it is mentioned that, some part of this water can be consumed through the nostrils. Bhavaprakasha opines that, 3 Prasrti of water can be consumed through nostrils which is helpful for prevention of Vali (wrinkles), Palita (gray hair), Pinasa (rhinitis), Swarabhanga (hoarseness of voice), Kasa (Cough), Shotha (edema) and acts as Rasayana and improves eyesight.
-=== Excretion (Mala & Mūtra Tyāga) ===
+=== Excretion (Mala & Mutra Tyaga) ===
-It is very necessary to inculcate the habit of easing in the morning. It is the physiological reflex of the body to expel the accumulated waste byproducts of digestion of food called as Purisha or Shakrut mala in Ayurveda. Easy and timely passage of Purisha mala is said to be the sign of a healthy individual. This process cleanses the body and aids in maintaining the the right balance in the function of digestion and metabolism. It is counted among the 13 natural urges of the body which when suppressed lead to multiple disturbances. <ref>Ashtanga Hrdayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 4 Sutram 1)</ref> A tendency of Vega Vidharana (to suppress the natural urges) is the root cause of many diseases. <ref name=":2">HAND BOOK OF DOMESTIC MEDICINE AND COMMON AYURVEDIC REMEDIES. '''Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi''', Designed and Developed by NIIMH, Hyderabad. Chapter 2 available from <nowiki>http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ayuhandbook/chapter2.php</nowiki> </ref> Thus, in the context of Svsthavrtta (preventive healthcare) easy and regular passage of stools at this time of the morning is said to be beneficial.
+It is very necessary to inculcate the habit of easing in the morning. It is the physiological reflex of the body to expel the accumulated waste byproducts of digestion of food called as Purisha or Shakrut mala in Ayurveda. Easy and timely passage of Purisha mala is said to be the sign of a healthy individual. This process cleanses the body and aids in maintaining the the right balance in the function of digestion and metabolism. It is counted among the 13 natural urges of the body which when suppressed lead to multiple disturbances. <ref>Ashtanga Hrdayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 4 Sutram 1)</ref> A tendency of Vega Vidharana (to suppress the natural urges) is the root cause of many diseases. <ref name=":2">HAND BOOK OF DOMESTIC MEDICINE AND COMMON AYURVEDIC REMEDIES. '''Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi''', Designed and Developed by NIIMH, Hyderabad. Chapter 2 available from <nowiki>http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ayuhandbook/chapter2.php</nowiki> </ref> Thus, in the context of Svasthavrtta (preventive healthcare) easy and regular passage of stools at this time of the morning is said to be beneficial.
 === Cleaning the Teeth and Mouth ===
 The next step in the daily regimen is named as Dantadhavana and Jivhanirlekhana. Dantadhavana refers to the cleaning the teeth while Jivhanirlekhana suggests cleaning of tongue and mouth. Ancient Ayurveda acharyas have described in detail materials and methods of Dantadhavana. <ref name=":3">Charaka samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 71-75])</ref> Ayurveda advocates use of sticks of various medicinal herbs for cleaning of teeth and tongue. The knowledge and wisdom of Ayurveda scholars was so exceptionally well that they recommended specific herbs for specific Prakrti individuals for cleaning teeth and tongue. Scrapping of tongue has been advised with metallic tools to clean accumulated wastes on tongue.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
-=== Oil Massage ===
+=== Abhyanga  ===
-It is necessary to massage the whole body with oil. For massaging Tila Taila (gingelly oil), Sarṣapa Taila (mustard oil) or Nārikela (coconut oil) can be used. But generally speaking Sarṣapa Taila is the best. Medicated oils may also be used.
+Abhyanga is the sanskrit term for oil massage. By default, it refers to the whole body massage with oil. This forms an integral part of many Panchakarma procedures. Ayurveda acharyas have included this in Dinacharya and thus highlighted its beneficial nature. Ayurveda recommends whole body oil massage on daily basis. Further oil massage of head, feet and ears has been specifically stressed upon. For a healthy person, plain sesame oil is recommended for daily abhyanga. Medicated  oil can also be used after consulting a vaidya.
-Oil massage ensures (i) softness and unctuousness of skin thereby eliminating chances of infection, (ii) free movement of joints and muscles, (iii) increased circulation of blood, (iv) speedy removal of metabolic waste products through skin, and (v) maintenance of perfect health. In some measure, it also serves as an exercise.<ref name=":2" />
+Oil massage ensures rejuvenating effects on skin, relaxation, soft and hydrated skin thereby enhancing strength, firmness and smooth functioning of skin and all related body structures. <ref name=":2" />
-=== Exercise ===
+=== Vyayama ===
-Regular exercise is essential for perfect health. It brings up stamina and resistance against disease, clears the channels of body (Srotas), and increases the blood circulation and efficiency of lungs. Indigenous, Yogic and western type of exercises may be undertaken. Broadly speaking, an exercise should lead to appearance of sweat on the forehead. However, one should be careful in selection and extent of exercise when he is suffering from a disease like cough (Kāsa), tuberculosis (Kṣaya), heart diseases etc.<ref name=":2" />
+Vyayama means any kind of physical exercise. This comes after Abhyanga in daily regimen. Ayurveda defines Vyayma as 'a physical activity that brings stability and strength to the body'. Thus, any physical activity that causes only fatigue and not strength or stability is not included under Vyayama. Such strengthening physical activity must be performed daily in proper amount. Excessively heavy exercise that bring fatigue and feeling of tiredness is prohibited.<blockquote>शरीरचेष्टा या चेष्टा स्थैर्यार्था बलवर्धिनी| </blockquote><blockquote>देहव्यायामसङ्ख्याता मात्रया तां समाचरेत्|| (Char. Samh. 7.31) <ref name=":4">Charaka samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 7 Sutra 31-34)</ref></blockquote>Regular exercise is essential for perfect health. It brings up strength, stamina and resistance against disease, pacification of aggravated doshas,  improves digestive function and thus helps to maintain health.<ref name=":4" /> However, one should be careful in selection and extent of exercise when he is suffering from diseases. The signs and symptoms of exercise performed to appropriate limit are described in classical treatises. Further diseases that may develop due to heavy exercise have also been mentioned in Ayurveda treatises.<ref name=":2" />
-=== Bath ===
+=== Snanam ===
-Generally one should take bath with warm water at the place protected from draught. Head should be washed with water having the temperature of body. Bath increases Jaṭharāgni, clears the pores of the skin and the skin becomes clear.<ref name=":2" />
+Snanam is the sanskrit term for Bath. This is the next step in daily regimen. One can find effects of bath on various body functions in Ayurveda treatises. Ayurveda recommends bath with warm water below shoulders while use of hot water for bath above shoulders is strictly prohibited. It is believed that, hot water bath above shoulders is harmful for the health of eyes, hair and other organs situated in this region. Snanam is said to be cleansing, purifying, relieving fatigue and providing vigor as well as vitality. <ref>Charaka samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 93-94)</ref>
 === Diet ===

@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 === Ushapana (Drinking water in the morning) ===
-[[Bhavaprakasha Samhita (भावप्रकाश संहिता)|Bhavaprakasha Samhita]] describes benefits of drinking water daily after getting up in the morning. Although ample benefits have been described, one must remember the fact that, these benefits can be obtained when water is consumed after getting up on 'Brahma muhurta' and not anytime after getting up in the morning. When consumed in this manner it facilitates free passage of motion and urine.
+[[Bhavaprakasha Samhita (भावप्रकाश संहिता)|Bhavaprakasha Samhita]] describes benefits of drinking water daily after getting up in the morning. Although ample benefits have been described, one must remember the fact that, these benefits can be obtained when water is consumed after getting up on 'Brahma muhurta' and not anytime after getting up in the morning. When consumed in this manner it facilitates free passage of motion and urine. Apart from that various other benefits of Ushapan have been described in the classical treatises. One can find the method, quantity, do's and dont's about Ushapana in the Bhavaprakasha samhita which is one of the 3 treatises from Laghutrayee (the lesser triad).
-According to Bhavprakasha, 8 Prasriti (Unit of measurement of liquids, equals to a quantity of liquid contained in a deep cup made by joining the two hands) water should be consumed on Brahma muhurta.<ref>Bhavaprakasha Samhita (Purvakhanda Adhyaya 5 Sutra 317)</ref> Acharya bhavaprakasha says that, the one who does Ushapana in this manner every day at the sunrise time, becomes free from all ailments. He lives for hundred years and the weakness and other problems of old-age do not even touch him.
+According to Bhavprakasha, 8 Prasrti (Unit of measurement of liquids, equals to a quantity of liquid contained in a deep cup made by joining the two hands) water should be consumed on Brahma muhurta.<ref>Bhavaprakasha Samhita (Purvakhanda Adhyaya 5 Sutra 317)</ref> Acharya bhavaprakasha says that, the one who does Ushapana in this manner every day at the sunrise time, becomes free from all ailments. He lives for hundred years and the weakness and other problems of old-age do not even touch him.
-Further, it is mentioned that, some part of this water can be consumed through the nostrils. Bhavaprakasha opines that, 3 Prasruti of water can be consumed through nostrils which is helpful for prevention of Vali (wrinkles), Palita (gray hair), Pinasa (rhinitis), Swarabhanga (hoarseness of voice), Kasa (Cough), Shotha (edema) and acts as Rasayana and improves eyesight.
+Further, it is mentioned that, some part of this water can be consumed through the nostrils. Bhavaprakasha opines that, 3 Prasrti of water can be consumed through nostrils which is helpful for prevention of Vali (wrinkles), Palita (gray hair), Pinasa (rhinitis), Swarabhanga (hoarseness of voice), Kasa (Cough), Shotha (edema) and acts as Rasayana and improves eyesight.
 === Excretion (Mala & Mūtra Tyāga) ===
-It is very necessary to inculcate the habit of easing in the morning. A tendency to suppress the natural urges (Vega Vidharana) is the root cause of many diseases. <ref name=":2">HAND BOOK OF DOMESTIC MEDICINE AND COMMON AYURVEDIC REMEDIES. '''Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi''', Designed and Developed by NIIMH, Hyderabad. Chapter 2 available from <nowiki>http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ayuhandbook/chapter2.php</nowiki> </ref>
+It is very necessary to inculcate the habit of easing in the morning. It is the physiological reflex of the body to expel the accumulated waste byproducts of digestion of food called as Purisha or Shakrut mala in Ayurveda. Easy and timely passage of Purisha mala is said to be the sign of a healthy individual. This process cleanses the body and aids in maintaining the the right balance in the function of digestion and metabolism. It is counted among the 13 natural urges of the body which when suppressed lead to multiple disturbances. <ref>Ashtanga Hrdayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 4 Sutram 1)</ref> A tendency of Vega Vidharana (to suppress the natural urges) is the root cause of many diseases. <ref name=":2">HAND BOOK OF DOMESTIC MEDICINE AND COMMON AYURVEDIC REMEDIES. '''Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi''', Designed and Developed by NIIMH, Hyderabad. Chapter 2 available from <nowiki>http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ayuhandbook/chapter2.php</nowiki> </ref> Thus, in the context of Svsthavrtta (preventive healthcare) easy and regular passage of stools at this time of the morning is said to be beneficial.
 === Cleaning the Teeth and Mouth ===
-Cleaning the teeth, tongue and mouth every morning should be ensured. Teeth may be cleaned by Babbūla stick or any good powder which is antiseptic and astringent so that the accumulation of dirt, tartar etc. on the teeth could be removed. If there is some disease of the teeth or gums, an oil massage on the teeth and gums is necessary. Accumulation of Mala on the tongue should be scraped by a washed tongue cleaner whose edges should neither be very sharp nor blunt. Before and after cleaning, the cleaner should be properly washed. After cleaning the teeth and tongue gargle with salt water should be done.<ref name=":2" />
+The next step in the daily regimen is named as Dantadhavana and Jivhanirlekhana. Dantadhavana refers to the cleaning the teeth while Jivhanirlekhana suggests cleaning of tongue and mouth. Ancient Ayurveda acharyas have described in detail materials and methods of Dantadhavana. <ref name=":3">Charaka samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 71-75])</ref> Ayurveda advocates use of sticks of various medicinal herbs for cleaning of teeth and tongue. The knowledge and wisdom of Ayurveda scholars was so exceptionally well that they recommended specific herbs for specific Prakrti individuals for cleaning teeth and tongue. Scrapping of tongue has been advised with metallic tools to clean accumulated wastes on tongue.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
 === Oil Massage ===