Basti in Panchakarma (पंचकर्मसु बस्तिः ) - Revision history

DrDevashree at 10:38, 10 November 2022

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DrDevashree: DrDevashree moved page Basti (बस्तिः ) to Basti in Panchakarma (पंचकर्मसु बस्तिः )

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DrDevashree moved page Basti (बस्तिः ) to Basti in Panchakarma (पंचकर्मसु बस्तिः )

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 Basti (बस्तिः) is the samskrit term which means urinary bladder. Ayurveda considers basti as one of the 3 chief vital organs of humans. When the term basti is used in reference to Panchakarma procedures of Ayurveda, it refers to the procedure of giving medicated enema. In this panchakarma procedure, medicated oils or decoctions or combination of multiple medicated ingredients is done and the fluid is administered per rectally. In this article a brief account on the panchakarma procedure basti has been given.
-== Introduction ==
+== परिचयः॥ Introduction ==
 Ayurveda has categorized the [[Chikitsa (चिकित्सा)|chikitsa]] (treatment) into 2 main types. Pacification of aggravated doshas with the help of medicines means Shamanam (शमनम्) while eliminating the excessively aggravated doshas out of the body through Panchakarma procedures is called as shodhanam (शोधनम्). Basti, the prime treatment in shodhana is considered as one of the most important treatments for many diseases according to Ayurvedic classical literature. It is the best treatment modality for all types of vata diseases. The route of administration of basti ensures the entry of medicines directly into the pakwashaya (part of large intestine) which is believed to be the chief site of Vata dosha in body. Thus the basti directly acts on the site of vata and facilitates easy control or pacification of vitiated  vata. Thus classically it is advocated in the diseases of vata. According to the classical texts basti administration is done with the help of animal urinary bladder and specially prepared metal/wooden nozzle/catheter, the whole assembly is called as basti-yantra i.e. Tool for basti. As basti is basically a receptacle having soft and elastic nature, it was used as an instrument for drug administration with a constant pressure.
-== Etymology ==
+== निरुक्तिः॥ Etymology ==
 According to Vachaspathyam the word “Basti” is derived from the root “Vas” by adding “Tich” Pratyaya and it belongs to masculine gender.
 If the function of basti in the body is observed, it is understood that, bladder is that organ which collects waste liquid from all over the body up to certain capacity and then throws it all at one time not continuously. Thus basti has capacity to store and then expel out in a particular fashion which makes it suitable organ for giving basti. In the basti procedures, multiple ingredients are mixed in a specific manner, stored for little time and then the resultant mixture is administered.
-== Types ==
+== बस्तिभेदाः॥ Types ==
 Basti is categorized into 3 main types by Acharya Vagbhata.<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 19 Sutra 1-2)</ref> In Ashtanga hrudayam, 3 types of basti have been mentioned as below,
-# Niruha basti : The type of basti where decoction is the major part is called as asthapana basti or niruha basti. In Niruha Basti/ Aasthaapana Basti, decoction of medicinal plants is the main content wherein other ingredients like honey, salt, lipids & other drugs are incorporated to form a colloid or a suspension. Word Niruha, indicates “To eliminate” or eliminate morbid Doshas or Disease from body, & its synonym word “Asthapan” indicates “establish life span & age.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutra 38)</ref>.
+# Niruha basti (निरुहबस्तिः) : The type of basti where decoction is the major part is called as asthapana basti or niruha basti. In Niruha Basti/ Aasthaapana Basti, decoction of medicinal plants is the main content wherein other ingredients like honey, salt, lipids & other drugs are incorporated to form a colloid or a suspension. Word Niruha, indicates “To eliminate” or eliminate morbid Doshas or Disease from body, & its synonym word “Asthapan” indicates “establish life span & age.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutra 38)</ref>.
-# Anuvasana basti : Basti in which major part of plain or medicated oil is used is called as ''anuvasana''. The word Anuvasan indicates “To stay”, the administrated medicines stay inside for a longer duration, but still do not cause any untoward problem
+# Anuvasana basti (अनुवासनबस्तिः) : Basti in which major part of plain or medicated oil is used is called as ''anuvasana''. The word Anuvasan indicates “To stay”, the administrated medicines stay inside for a longer duration, but still do not cause any untoward problem
-# Uttar basti :  The basti administered through different route (Uttara:next) i.e. through urethral opening in males and vaginal orifice in females is called as uttara basti. In this type of basti also chiefly oil or ghee is used as a drug.
+# Uttar basti (उत्तरबस्तिः) :  The basti administered through different route (Uttara:next) i.e. through urethral opening in males and vaginal orifice in females is called as uttara basti. In this type of basti also chiefly oil or ghee is used as a drug.
 Other common basti types include following bastis,
-# Yapana basti: Basti indicated for strengthening, longevity, maintenance of health etc. Milk, broth, ghee, oil etc are common ingredients.
+# Yapana basti (यापनबस्तिः): Basti indicated for strengthening, longevity, maintenance of health etc. Milk, broth, ghee, oil etc are common ingredients.
-# Ksheera basti: Milk is the major ingredient. ALong with milk, ghee, oil, honey can be used.
+# Ksheera basti (क्षीरबस्तिः): Milk is the major ingredient. ALong with milk, ghee, oil, honey can be used.
-# Matra basti: Type of anuvasana basti wherein medicated or plain oil is administered like anuvasana basti but the quantity of the oil is very less as compared to it.
+# Matra basti (मात्रा बस्तिः): Type of anuvasana basti wherein medicated or plain oil is administered like anuvasana basti but the quantity of the oil is very less as compared to it.
-== What factors are considered before planning Basti for a patient? ==
+== बस्तिप्रयोगपूर्वा समीक्षा ॥ What factors are considered before planning Basti for a patient? ==
 Your [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidya]] will examine you thoroughly and make assessment on the basis of Ayurveda's parameters. Usually Dashavidha pariksha (10 fold assessment) is done and only then it will be decided whether the patient needs basti therapy and all other details of basti treatment e.g. type, total period, ingredients, dose, do's and dont's etc. Acharya charaka has briefly listed the basic parameters a vaidya will consider before planning basti. Those are as follows,
@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 When all these factors are considered, one can attain maximum benefits, desired outcomes and prevent adverse effects of basti therapy.
-== Common indications of basti ==
+== बस्ति अर्हता ॥ Common indications of basti ==
 Basti is the chief treatment for aggravated or vitiated vata dosha. Although it chiefly acts on vata, it does help to balance vitiated pitta and kapha dosha as well due to appropriately selected ingredients in basti preparation. Therefore basti is called as a supreme line of treatment.
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 Ayurveda scholars have also described the states specifically suitable for different types of bastis. The indications for 2 different types of basti are listed below.
-=== Indications for niruha basti ===
+=== निरुहबस्ति अर्हता ॥ Indications for niruha basti ===
 There are certain conditions in which specifically niruha basti is recommended.<ref name=":2">Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 2 Sutra 16-19)</ref> These are follows,
@@ Line 98: / Line 98: @@
 # Various vata related diseases
-=== Indications for Anuvasana basti ===
+=== अनुवासनबस्ति अर्हता॥ Indications for Anuvasana basti ===
 The diseases wherein niruha basti is recommended are also fit for Anuvasana type of basti. However, those who have excessive dryness in the body, strong agni and when the diseases are caused due to vata alone i.e not associated with ama require anuvasana type of basti chiefly. <ref name=":2" />
 Niruha basti shows more of cleansing and purifying action whereas anuvasana type of basti is nourishing type. Thus basti is chosen depending upon the desired action. When both the types of basti are used in succession or alternatively, cleansing and tonic both the actions are performed at a time. One type of basti works better when paired with the other type also. Therefore many a times niruha and anuvasana bastis are administered in alternate manner or one after the other.
-== Unfit for basti or contraindications ==
+== बस्तिअनर्हता॥ Unfit for basti or contraindications ==
 Basti is a type of Panchakarma which is known as detoxification or cleansing therapy. Since such therapies include administration of strong medicines and immediate elimination of body wastes through different routes of body, it needs careful observation. Therefore it is also extremely important to screen patients for their fitness before undergoing these procedures. Ayurveda scholars have listed certain conditions when the basti should not be given because then it might lead to serious adverse effects. These are called as contraindications for basti and are listed below.
-=== Unfit for Niruha basti ===
+=== निरुहबस्तिअनर्हता॥ Unfit for Niruha basti ===
 The person should not receive niruha basti if he/she is having following conditions,<ref name=":3">Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 2 Sutram 15-17)</ref>
@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 * Many other illnesses where administering large amount of decoction or suspension of multiple liquids might aggravate the already existing disease like intestinal perforation, obstruction etc.
-=== Unfit for Anuvasana Basti ===
+=== अनुवासनबस्तिअनर्हता॥ Unfit for Anuvasana Basti ===
 All those conditions where niruha basti is contraindicated, anuvasana basti is also contraindicated. In addition to that, certain other specific conditions where anuvasana basti is contraindicated are listed below,<ref name=":3" />
@@ Line 133: / Line 133: @@
 * other medical conditions where purification or cleansing is recommended and not nourishing e.g worm infestation
-== How basti is given in today's times (Niruha basti or anuvasana basti) ==
+== सांप्रतकाले बस्तिदानम्॥ How basti is given in today's times (Niruha basti or anuvasana basti) ==
 Basti is known as the procedure there is rectal administration of medicated liquids. Thus technically it is somewhat similar to the enema procedure. However the instruments or tools used to administer basti have been described in depth in Ayurveda literature.  Dimensions of catheter tube, quantity of total fluid to be administered have been described as per age and basti type. As described earlier the basti obtains its name from the fact that urinary bladders of animals (thoroughly cleaned and processed) were used as the bags to hold the fluid and push it through catheter inside the rectum.  Nowadays, except in some of the Vaidya traditions in Kerala, basti administration is often done using enema-can or douche-set. In the aforesaid classical procedure active pressure is expected to be given on the bastiputaka whereas, in conventionally used enema-can only passive or gravitational force plays a role. It can also be used in children as well but with utmost care under physician’s supervision. The procedure of administering basti has been described in brief here.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Basti (बस्तिः) is the samskrit term which means urinary bladder. Ayurveda considers basti as one of the 3 chief vital organs of humans. When the term basti is used in reference to Panchakarma procedures of Ayurveda, it refers to the procedure of giving medicated enema. In this panchakarma procedure, medicated oils or decoctions or combination of multiple medicated ingredients is done and the fluid is administered per rectally. In this article a brief account on the panchakarma procedure basti has been given.
@@ Line 179: / Line 177: @@
 * Moreover, Basti is fast acting and quickly restores the balance by either nourishing or cleansing activity without any adverse effects. Thus is effective and safe at the same time. Therefore Basti holds special place in Panchakarma and all the treatment modalities in Ayurveda.
-<blockquote>कर्मान्यद्बस्तिसमं न विद्यते शीघ्रसुखविशोधित्वात्| आश्वपतर्पणतर्पणयोगाच्च निरत्ययत्वाच्च||५|| (Char.Samh. Siddhi 10.5)</blockquote>
+<blockquote>कर्मान्यद्बस्तिसमं न विद्यते शीघ्रसुखविशोधित्वात्| आश्वपतर्पणतर्पणयोगाच्च निरत्ययत्वाच्च||५|| (Char.Samh. Siddhi 10.5)<ref name=":7">Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 10 Sutra 4-5)</ref></blockquote>
-* Basti is versatile in action. It can perform both the Upakramas viz. Langhana and Brumhana and can provide the benefit of whole of the Panchakarma by virtue of its specific type and different drugs utilised in it. (Cha.Si.11/16, 3/6 ).
+* Basti is versatile in action. It can perform both the Upakramas viz. Langhana and Brumhana and can provide the benefit of whole of the Panchakarma by virtue of its specific type and different drugs utilised in it.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 11 Sutra 16)</ref>
-* It acts as both Samsodhana and Samsamana (Su. Ci. 35/3,4) It provides immediate strength; hence it is a supreme line of treatment, particularly in children and aged persons (Cha.Si 11/36).
+* It acts as both Samsodhana and Samsamana, It provides immediate strength; hence it is a supreme line of treatment, particularly in children and aged persons.<ref>Sushruta Samhita  (Chikitsasthanam Adhyayan 35 Sutra 3-4)</ref> <ref>Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 11 Sutra 36)</ref>
-* It can be used in almost all the diseases by using specific drugs indicated in that disease condition (Ca. Si. 10/4, Su. Ci. 38/111)
+* It can be used in almost all the diseases by using specific drugs indicated in that disease condition.<ref name=":7" />  <ref>Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyayan 38 Sutra 111)</ref>
+*
-* There is no treatment equivalent to Basti in the protection of the Marmasthi and Sandhi in the management of their affliction, which are considered as vital parts in the body (Cha. Si. 9/7).
+* There is no treatment equivalent to Basti in the protection of the Marmasthi and Sandhi in the management of their affliction, which are considered as vital parts in the body.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 9 Sutra 7)</ref>
-* It eliminates the Doshas/Mala accumulated in the whole body; in turn alleviates the disease (Cha. Si. 1/28).
+* It eliminates the Doshas/Mala accumulated in the whole body; in turn alleviates the disease.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 28)</ref>
 === Benefits of different types of basti ===
-Niruha samyak yoga signs- प्रसृष्टविण्मूत्रसमीरणत्वं रुच्यग्निवृद्ध्याशयलाघवानि||४१||
+Various health benefit of different types of basti are described in brief below,
-स्वप्नानुवृत्तिर्लघुता बलं च सृष्टाश्च वेगाः स्वनुवासिते स्युः||४४|| (Char. Samh. Siddhi 1. 44)
+Niruha basti when done properly brings about following positive changes in body<ref name=":8">Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 42-44)</ref>
-=== Do's and Dont's For basti and other panchakarmas ===
+* Sufficient and satisfactory evacuation of bowels, urinary bladder and release of accumulated gas takes place
-Parihara kala
+* Since all wastes are properly evacuated, it generates appetite, increases interest in food, and lightness in stomach.
-कालस्तु बस्त्यादिषु याति यावांस्तावान् भवेद्द्विः परिहारकालः|५४| Cha Si 1.54
+Anuvasana basti consisting of medicated oils when done properly provides following benefits,<ref name=":8" />
-Things to avoid
+* Stools are passed with ease and smoothly with or without oil after administering basti
-अत्यासनस्थानवचांसि यानं स्वप्नं दिवा मैथुनवेगरोधान्||५४||
+=== Special precautions after doing basti and other panchakarmas ===
-शीतोपचारातपशोकरोषांस्त्यजेदकालाहितभोजनं च|५५|
+* Long hours of sitting
 == References ==
 <references />
 [[Category:Ayurveda]]

@@ Line 167: / Line 167: @@
 == Basti - A Supreme Line Of Treatment ==
-Basti is called as supreme line of treatment in Ayurveda. It is one among the 5 [[Panchakarmas (पञ्चकर्माणि)|Panchakarmas]]. By virtue of its broad spectrum action it is believed to the most important among panchakarmas. Charaka Samhita praised Basti treatment as the half the treatment or even complete treatment for illnesses.
+Basti is called as supreme line of treatment in Ayurveda. By virtue of its broad spectrum of action it is believed to be the most important among panchakarmas. Charaka Samhita praised Basti treatment as the half the treatment or even complete treatment for illnesses.
-* Since the basti has capacity to control Vata which actually controls the entire funcitoning of body it shows such a widespread action.
+* Basti has potential to control Vata which actually controls the entire functioning of body. Even in the process of disease development, vata plays crucial role by carrying other 2 doshas at the affected place as per the disease theory of Ayurveda.<ref>Sharangadhara Samhita (Purvakhanadam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 25)</ref> It is the Best therapy to regulate the Vata Dosha which is the chief governing force behind all the physiological and pathological processes both in the body and the mind.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 12 Sutra 8)</ref> <ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 17 Sutra 118)</ref> Thus it is called as half the treatment of any disease.
 <blockquote>शाखागताः कोष्ठगताश्च रोगा मर्मोर्ध्वसर्वावयवाङ्गजाश्च| ये सन्ति तेषां न हि कश्चिदन्यो वायोः परं जन्मनि हेतुरस्ति||३८||
@@ Line 175: / Line 175: @@
 विण्मूत्रपित्तादिमलाशयानां विक्षेपसङ्घातकरः स यस्मात्| तस्यातिवृद्धस्य शमाय नान्यद्बस्तिं विना भेषजमस्ति किञ्चित्||३९||
-तस्माच्चिकित्सार्धमिति ब्रुवन्ति सर्वां चिकित्सामपि बस्तिमेके|४०| Cha si 1</blockquote>
+तस्माच्चिकित्सार्धमिति ब्रुवन्ति सर्वां चिकित्सामपि बस्तिमेके|४०| (Char. Samh. 1.38-40)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 38-40)</ref></blockquote>
-* Moreover, Basti is fast acting and quickly restores the balance by nourishing or cleansing activitiy without adverse effects. Thus is effective and safe at the same time. Therefore Basti holds special place in Panchakarma and all the treatment modalities in Ayurveda.
+* Moreover, Basti is fast acting and quickly restores the balance by either nourishing or cleansing activity without any adverse effects. Thus is effective and safe at the same time. Therefore Basti holds special place in Panchakarma and all the treatment modalities in Ayurveda.
 <blockquote>कर्मान्यद्बस्तिसमं न विद्यते शीघ्रसुखविशोधित्वात्| आश्वपतर्पणतर्पणयोगाच्च निरत्ययत्वाच्च||५|| (Char.Samh. Siddhi 10.5)</blockquote>
-* It is the Best threapy to regulate the Vata Dosha which is the chief governing force behind all the physiological and pathological processes both in the body and the mind. (Cha. Su.12/8, 17/118, 25/40,
+* Basti is versatile in action. It can perform both the Upakramas viz. Langhana and Brumhana and can provide the benefit of whole of the Panchakarma by virtue of its specific type and different drugs utilised in it. (Cha.Si.11/16, 3/6 ).
 * It acts as both Samsodhana and Samsamana (Su. Ci. 35/3,4) It provides immediate strength; hence it is a supreme line of treatment, particularly in children and aged persons (Cha.Si 11/36).
 * It can be used in almost all the diseases by using specific drugs indicated in that disease condition (Ca. Si. 10/4, Su. Ci. 38/111)
+*

@@ Line 146: / Line 146: @@
 == How basti is absorbed in the body ==
-Basti is administered per rectally like an enema. According to Ayurveda, the administered basti reaches the pakwashaya (part of large intestine) of gut. This is known to be the chief site of vata dosha in body. Vata can perform the function of Shoshana (absorption) with its ruksha (dry) [[Gunas or Qualities : An Ayurvedic perspective (आयुर्वेदे गुणाः)|guna]]. Thus basti ingredients are absorbed by vata in pakwashaya. However Ayurveda scholars opine that the action of basti occurs due to its [[Veeryam (वीर्यम्)|Veeryam]] irrespective of its retention inside body. This veeryam is circulated or transported all over the body by Apana vata, Vyana vata Udana vata etc which are different 5 types of vata doshas active in specific part of body and responsible for movements in specific direction inside body. <blockquote>स चापि सहसा बस्तिः केवलः समलोऽपि वा |
+Basti is administered per rectally like an enema. According to Ayurveda, the administered basti reaches the pakwashaya (part of large intestine) of gut. This is known to be the chief site of vata dosha in body. Vata can perform the function of Shoshana (absorption) with its ruksha (dry) [[Gunas or Qualities : An Ayurvedic perspective (आयुर्वेदे गुणाः)|guna]]. Thus basti ingredients are absorbed by vata in pakwashaya. However Ayurveda scholars opine that the action of basti occurs due to its [[Veeryam (वीर्यम्)|Veeryam]] irrespective of its retention inside body. This veeryam is circulated or transported all over the body by Apana vata, Vyana vata Udana vata etc which are different 5 types of [[Doshas (दोषाः)|vata doshas]] active in specific part of body and responsible for movements in specific direction inside body. <blockquote>स चापि सहसा बस्तिः केवलः समलोऽपि वा |
 प्रत्येति वीर्यं त्वनिलैरपानाद्यैर्विनीयते ||२६|| (Sush. Samh. 35.26)<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutra 26)</ref>
-वीर्येण बस्तिरादत्ते दोषानापादमस्तकात्” (सु.चि.अ.३५) इति</blockquote>The vata dosha present in this part controls all the activities in the body including movement of other 2 doshas namely kapha and pitta. Therefore basti which directly acts on vata at this site has the capacity to impart effect on all the activities in the body occurring under the control of all 3 doshas mainly vata. It is therefore said that Basti works as plant watered at its root & then root circulate it in all branches.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutram 24-25)</ref>  It has also been described as Ardha Chikitsa<ref>Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutram 39)</ref>  i.e. half the treatment for management of diseases. Basti contains decoction of herbs, oil, ghee, honey, salt and similar ingredients. Lipid soluble drugs in basti are absorbed by passive diffusion and some of the active ingredients are absorbed through active transport. The bioavailability of the drug i.e the part of the drug which is able to produce an active effect on the body, will be higher when given as Basti.
+वीर्येण बस्तिरादत्ते दोषानापादमस्तकात्” (सु.चि.अ.३५) इति</blockquote>Basti contains decoction of herbs, oil, ghee, honey, salt and similar ingredients. Lipid soluble drugs in basti are absorbed by passive diffusion and some of the active ingredients are absorbed through active transport. The bioavailability of the drug i.e the part of the drug which is able to produce an active effect on the body, will be higher when given as Basti.
 == Mode of Action of Basti ==
-Ayurveda is having its unique approach of explaining the complex subjects by giving the similes which are commonly seen in day to day life to understand the subject easily. Similes were used, because the objective parameters were not developed to an extent as they are today. Similies were used to explain complex mechanisms in the physiology, pathology (Symptomatology) and in the therapeutic measures. The same is true in the case of Basti also. A) Eliminative or purificative action of the Basti Acharya Charaka explained in Siddhi Sthana (7/64) that the Basti administered to the Pakvashaya draws the Dosha/Mala from all over the body from the foot to the head by virtue of its Virya, just as the sun situated in the sky draws the moisture from the earth by virtue of its heat. Why only the waste substance (Mala) is eliminated. This is explained by another simile in Charaka Siddhi (7/65). i.e. As the cloth sucks up the pigment only from the water dyed with flower, similarly Basti eliminates only the Mala (waste substances) from the body. B) Systemic action of the Basti Acharaya Sushruta explained in Chikitsa Sthana (36/25) that the Virya of the drugs administered through the Basti into the Pakvasaya reaches the whole body through the channels (Srotas), as the active principles in the water when poured at the root of the tree reaches the whole plant.
+Ayurveda was passed on through oral and then written tradition from thousands of years. In those times, the objective parameters and technology were not developed to the extent they are today. It is belived that the ancient scholars acquired knowledge about all the internal body processes through yogaja siddhi pratyaksha jnanam. However in the lack of objective parameters it was difficult
-Basti have been categorised into various types according to type of ingredients action of Basti & number of Basti. Medicines/ ingredients used in Basti Karma are selected as per the condition of disease & condition of the patient.
+Ayurveda is having its unique approach of explaining the complex subjects by giving the similes which are commonly seen in day to day life to understand the subject easily. Similes were used, because the objective parameters were not developed to an extent as they are today. Similies were used to explain complex mechanisms in the physiology, pathology (Symptomatology) and in the therapeutic measures. The same is true in the case of Basti also.
-नाभिप्रदेशं कटिपार्श्वकुक्षिं गत्वा शकृद्दोषचयं विलोड्य [१] ||४०||
+Eliminative or purificative action of the Basti Acharya Charaka explained in Siddhi Sthana (7/64) that the Basti administered to the Pakvashaya draws the Dosha/Mala from all over the body from the foot to the head by virtue of its Virya, just as the sun situated in the sky draws the moisture from the earth by virtue of its heat.
-संस्नेह्य कायं सपुरीषदोषः सम्यक् सुखेनैति च यः स बस्तिः [२] |४१|
+Why only the waste substance (Mala) is eliminated. This is explained by another simile in Charaka Siddhi (7/65). i.e. As the cloth sucks up the pigment only from the water dyed with flower, similarly Basti eliminates only the Mala (waste substances) from the body.
 == Basti - A Supreme Line Of Treatment ==

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 == Types ==
-Basti is categorized into 3 main types by Acharya Vagbhata. In Ashtanga hrudayam, 3 types of basti have been mentioned as below,
+Basti is categorized into 3 main types by Acharya Vagbhata.<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 19 Sutra 1-2)</ref> In Ashtanga hrudayam, 3 types of basti have been mentioned as below,
-# Niruha basti : The type of basti where decoction is the major part is called as asthapana basti or niruha basti. In Niruha Basti/ Aasthaapana Basti, decoction of medicinal plants is the main content wherein other ingredients like honey, salt, lipids & other drugs are incorporated to form a colloid or a suspension. Word Niruha, indicates “To eliminate” or eliminate morbid Doshas or Disease from body, & its synonym word “Asthapan” indicates “establish life span & age (Su.Chi 35/38).
+# Niruha basti : The type of basti where decoction is the major part is called as asthapana basti or niruha basti. In Niruha Basti/ Aasthaapana Basti, decoction of medicinal plants is the main content wherein other ingredients like honey, salt, lipids & other drugs are incorporated to form a colloid or a suspension. Word Niruha, indicates “To eliminate” or eliminate morbid Doshas or Disease from body, & its synonym word “Asthapan” indicates “establish life span & age.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutra 38)</ref>.
 # Anuvasana basti : Basti in which major part of plain or medicated oil is used is called as ''anuvasana''. The word Anuvasan indicates “To stay”, the administrated medicines stay inside for a longer duration, but still do not cause any untoward problem
 # Uttar basti :  The basti administered through different route (Uttara:next) i.e. through urethral opening in males and vaginal orifice in females is called as uttara basti. In this type of basti also chiefly oil or ghee is used as a drug.
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 समीक्ष्य दोषौषधदेशकालसात्म्याग्निसत्त्वादिवयोबलानि|
-बस्तिः प्रयुक्तो नियतं गुणाय स्यात् सर्वकर्माणि च सिद्धिमन्ति||६|| (Char. Samh. Siddhi. 3.6)
+बस्तिः प्रयुक्तो नियतं गुणाय स्यात् सर्वकर्माणि च सिद्धिमन्ति||६|| (Char. Samh. 3.6)<ref>Charak Samhita (Siddhisthana Adhyaya 3 Sutra 6)</ref>
 These factors are-
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 येषां च शाखासु चरन्ति वाताः शस्तो विशेषेण हि तेषु बस्तिः||३२||
-आध्मापने [१] विग्रथिते पुरीषे शूले च भक्तानभिनन्दने च|
+आध्मापने विग्रथिते पुरीषे शूले च भक्तानभिनन्दने च|
 एवम्प्रकाराश्च भवन्ति कुक्षौ ये चामयास्तेषु च बस्तिरिष्टः||३३||
-याश्च स्त्रियो वातकृतोपसर्गा [२] गर्भं न गृह्णन्ति नृभिः समेताः|
+याश्च स्त्रियो वातकृतोपसर्गा गर्भं न गृह्णन्ति नृभिः समेताः|
-क्षीणेन्द्रिया ये च नराः कृशाश्च बस्तिः [३] प्रशस्तः परमं च तेषु||३४|| (Char. Smah .Siddhi 1. 32-34)</blockquote>Various health conditions in which basti is recommended are listed below,
+क्षीणेन्द्रिया ये च नराः कृशाश्च बस्तिः प्रशस्तः परमं च तेषु||३४|| (Char. Smah. 1.32-34)<ref>Charak Smahita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutra 32-34)</ref></blockquote>तथा ज्वरातीसारतिमिरप्रतिश्यायशिरोरोगाधिमन्थार्दिताक्षेपकपक्षाघातैकाङ्गसर्वाङ्गरोगाध्मानोदर- योनिशूलशर्कराशूलवृद्ध्युपदंशानाहमूत्रकृच्छ्रगुल्मवातशोणितवातमूत्रपुरीषोदावर्त- शुक्रार्तवस्तन्यनाशहृद्धनुमन्याग्रहशर्कराश्मरीमूढगर्भप्रभृतिषु [१] चात्यर्थमुपयुज्यते ||५|| (Su chi 35.5)
 # Vata related disorders in extremities like spasms, sprains, stiffness, pains, fracture etc.<ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 10 Sutra 9-10)</ref>
@@ Line 111: / Line 113: @@
 * Indigesiton
 * Excessive snigdhata (Unctuousness) in body
-* Ingested fatty substances lke ghee or oil etc
+* Ingested fatty substances like ghee or oil etc
 * Weak agni ( digestive fire)
 * anorexia
@@ Line 144: / Line 146: @@
 == How basti is absorbed in the body ==
-Basti is administered per rectally like an enema. According to Ayurveda, the administered basti reaches the pakwashaya (part of large intestine) of gut. This is known to be the chief site of vata dosha in body. Vata can perform the function of Shoshana (absorption) with its ruksha (dry) [[Gunas or Qualities : An Ayurvedic perspective (आयुर्वेदे गुणाः)|guna]]. Thus basti ingredients are absorbed by vata in pakwashaya. However Ayurveda scholars opine that the action of basti occurs due to its prabhava irrespective of its retention inside body. <blockquote>वीर्येण बस्तिरादत्ते दोषानापादमस्तकात्” (सु.चि.अ.३५) इति</blockquote>The vata dosha present in this part controls all the activities in the body including movement of other 2 doshas namely kapha and pitta. Therefore basti which directly acts on vata at this site has the capacity to impart effect on all the activities in the body occurring under the control of all 3 doshas mainly vata. It is therefore said that Basti works as plant watered at its root & then root circulate it in all branches.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutram 24-25)</ref>  It has also been described as Ardha Chikitsa<ref>Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutram 39)</ref>  i.e. half the treatment for management of diseases. Basti contains decoction of herbs, oil, ghee, honey, salt and similar ingredients. Lipid soluble drugs in basti are absorbed by passive diffusion and some of the active ingredients are absorbed through active transport. The bioavailability of the drug i.e the part of the drug which is able to produce an active effect on the body, will be higher when given as Basti.
+Basti is administered per rectally like an enema. According to Ayurveda, the administered basti reaches the pakwashaya (part of large intestine) of gut. This is known to be the chief site of vata dosha in body. Vata can perform the function of Shoshana (absorption) with its ruksha (dry) [[Gunas or Qualities : An Ayurvedic perspective (आयुर्वेदे गुणाः)|guna]]. Thus basti ingredients are absorbed by vata in pakwashaya. However Ayurveda scholars opine that the action of basti occurs due to its [[Veeryam (वीर्यम्)|Veeryam]] irrespective of its retention inside body. This veeryam is circulated or transported all over the body by Apana vata, Vyana vata Udana vata etc which are different 5 types of vata doshas active in specific part of body and responsible for movements in specific direction inside body. <blockquote>स चापि सहसा बस्तिः केवलः समलोऽपि वा |
 == Mode of Action of Basti ==

← Older revision	Revision as of 09:10, 27 October 2022
(No difference)

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 Basti is the chief treatment for aggravated or vitiated vata dosha. Although it chiefly acts on vata, it does help to balance vitiated pitta and kapha dosha too based on the selected ingredients in basti preparation. Therefore basti is called as a supreme line of treatment.
-Basti is commonly used along with Ayurveda medications. In some instances it can be administered alone. Various health conditions in which basti is recommended are listed below,
+Basti is commonly used along with Ayurveda medications. In some instances it can be administered alone.   <blockquote>स्तब्धाश्च ये सङ्कुचिताश्च येऽपि ये पङ्गवो येऽपि च भग्नरुग्णाः|
 # Vata related disorders in extremities like spasms, sprains, stiffness, pains, fracture etc.<ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 10 Sutra 9-10)</ref>
@@ Line 58: / Line 68: @@
 # Diseases of any body part causing stiffness or spasm or restricted range of movements<ref name=":1" />
-In addition to this, there could be many other illnesses that are not mentioned here, but, after assessment, a vaidya may feel that basti would be beneficial. In such cases basti helps to balance aggravated vata which could be possibly exacerbating the actual illness. Ayurveda scholars have also described the states specifically suitable for different types of bastis. The indications for 2 different types of basti are listed below.
+In addition to this, there could be many other illnesses that are not mentioned here, but, after assessment, a vaidya may feel that basti would be beneficial. In such cases basti helps to balance aggravated vata which could be possibly exacerbating the actual illness.
 === Indications for niruha basti ===
@@ Line 131: / Line 143: @@
 * '''Bath, food intake'''- There are certain rules regarding when should the food be taken, when one can take a bath after basti etc. The consulting vaidya instructs these to the patient and all these rules need to be followed strictly so as to get maximum benefits and least adverse effects of the basti treatment.
-== How basti is absorbed in body ==
+== How basti is absorbed in the body ==
-  Lipid soluble drugs are absorbed by passive diffusion and some of the active ingredients are absorbed through active transport. The bioavailability of the drug i.e the part of the drug which is able to produce an active effect on the body, will be higher when given as Basti. As per Ayurvedic classics Basti works as plant watered at its root & then root circulate it in all branches (su.ch.35/24-25). It has also been described as Ardha Chikitsa (Ch.si.1/39). i.e. half treatment for management of diseases.
+Basti is administered per rectally like an enema. According to Ayurveda, the administered basti reaches the pakwashaya (part of large intestine) of gut. This is known to be the chief site of vata dosha in body. Vata can perform the function of Shoshana (absorption) with its ruksha (dry) [[Gunas or Qualities : An Ayurvedic perspective (आयुर्वेदे गुणाः)|guna]]. Thus basti ingredients are absorbed by vata in pakwashaya. However Ayurveda scholars opine that the action of basti occurs due to its prabhava irrespective of its retention inside body. <blockquote>वीर्येण बस्तिरादत्ते दोषानापादमस्तकात्” (सु.चि.अ.३५) इति</blockquote>The vata dosha present in this part controls all the activities in the body including movement of other 2 doshas namely kapha and pitta. Therefore basti which directly acts on vata at this site has the capacity to impart effect on all the activities in the body occurring under the control of all 3 doshas mainly vata. It is therefore said that Basti works as plant watered at its root & then root circulate it in all branches.<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 35 Sutram 24-25)</ref>  It has also been described as Ardha Chikitsa<ref>Charaka Samhita (Siddhisthanam Adhyaya 1 Sutram 39)</ref>  i.e. half the treatment for management of diseases. Basti contains decoction of herbs, oil, ghee, honey, salt and similar ingredients. Lipid soluble drugs in basti are absorbed by passive diffusion and some of the active ingredients are absorbed through active transport. The bioavailability of the drug i.e the part of the drug which is able to produce an active effect on the body, will be higher when given as Basti.
 == Mode of Action of Basti ==
@@ Line 139: / Line 151: @@
 Basti have been categorised into various types according to type of ingredients action of Basti & number of Basti. Medicines/ ingredients used in Basti Karma are selected as per the condition of disease & condition of the patient.
-शाखागताः कोष्ठगताश्च रोगा मर्मोर्ध्वसर्वावयवाङ्गजाश्च|
+नाभिप्रदेशं कटिपार्श्वकुक्षिं गत्वा शकृद्दोषचयं विलोड्य [१] ||४०||
 ये सन्ति तेषां न हि कश्चिदन्यो वायोः परं जन्मनि हेतुरस्ति||३८||
@@ Line 149: / Line 166: @@
 तस्माच्चिकित्सार्धमिति ब्रुवन्ति सर्वां चिकित्सामपि बस्तिमेके|४०| Cha si 1
 It is the Best threapy to regulate the Vata Dosha which is the chief governing force behind all the physiological and pathological processes both in the body and the mind. (Cha. Su.12/8, 17/118, 25/40,

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:31, 10 January 2022
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	== References ==		== References ==
		+	<references />
		+	[[Category:Ayurveda]]