Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदः) - Revision history

DrDevashree at 14:17, 12 March 2021

2021-03-12T14:17:35Z

Pṛthvī: Text replacement - "spiritual" to "adhyatmik"

2020-03-12T16:53:31Z

Text replacement - "spiritual" to "adhyatmik"

DrDevashree: /* आयुर्वेदोत्पत्तेः पार्श्वभूमिः ॥ Emergence of Ayurveda */

2019-06-20T15:52:39Z

आयुर्वेदोत्पत्तेः पार्श्वभूमिः ॥ Emergence of Ayurveda

DrDevashree at 13:00, 23 April 2019

2019-04-23T13:00:42Z

Show changes

DrDevashree at 10:37, 16 April 2019

2019-04-16T10:37:07Z

DrDevashree: /* आयुर्वेदावतरणम् ॥ Ayurveda Avatarana */

2019-03-28T12:08:00Z

आयुर्वेदावतरणम् ॥ Ayurveda Avatarana

DrDevashree at 09:01, 27 March 2019

2019-03-27T09:01:29Z

DrDevashree: Last para and ref

2019-03-01T10:31:45Z

Last para and ref

DrDevashree: /* अष्टाङग आयुर्वेदः ॥ Ashtanga Ayurveda */

2019-02-22T11:55:30Z

अष्टाङग आयुर्वेदः ॥ Ashtanga Ayurveda

DrDevashree: /* आयुर्वेदस्य प्रयोजनम्॥ Prayojana of Ayurveda */

2019-02-22T11:38:53Z

आयुर्वेदस्य प्रयोजनम्॥ Prayojana of Ayurveda

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 # Graha Chikitsa (ग्रहचिकित्सा) or Bhutavidya (भूतविद्या) : Demonology / Psychology
 # Urdhvaanga Chikitsa (उर्ध्वाङ्चिकित्सा) : Treatment of disease occurring in head and neck
-# Shalya Chikitsa: शल्यचिकित्सा) : Surgical procedures involving use of blunt and sharp instruments, fire, Ksharas (different forms of alkalis) and bloodletting procedures.
+# Shalya Chikitsa (शल्यचिकित्सा) : Surgical procedures involving use of blunt and sharp instruments, fire, Ksharas (different forms of alkalis) and bloodletting procedures.
 # Damstra Chikitsa (दन्ष्ट्राचिकित्सा) or Agadatantra (अगदतन्त्रम्) : Treatments similar to Toxicology
 # Jara Chikitsa (जराचिकित्सा) or [[Rasayana (रसायनम्)|Rasayanatantra]] (रसायनतन्त्रम्) : Geriatrics, Rejuvenation
-# Vrsha Chikitsa (वृषचिकित्सा) or Vajikaranatantra (वाजीकरणम्) : Aphrodisiac therapy, treatments assisting natural conception and fertility
+# Vrsha Chikitsa (वृषचिकित्सा) or [[Vajikaran (वाजीकरणम्)|Vajikarana]] tantra (वाजीकरणम्) : Aphrodisiac therapy, treatments assisting natural conception and fertility
 === कायचिकित्सा ॥ Kayachikitsa (Internal Medicine) ===
 It deals with Internal Medicine for systemic diseases caused due to disturbances in Agni ( digestive fire). The word Kayachikitsa is composed of 2 parts. First is काय । Kaay, meaning complete physical body composed of multiple अवयवाः । Avayava (various organs and systems) in all the stages of life, while चिकित्सा । Chikitsa refers to the treatment methods. Thus, Kayachikitsa offers the knowledge of treatments for bodily diseases. This branch is commonly co-related with internal medicine. It is believed that imbalances in दोषाः । [[Doshas (दोषाः)|Dosha]], धातवः । [[Dhatus (धातवः)|Dhatu]], मलाः। [[Malas (मलाः)|Mala]] and अग्निः । [[Agni (अग्निः)|Agni]] are the fundamental causes for development of almost all the diseases. These imbalances can be managed using various orally administered medicines, पथ्यम् । [[Pathya (पथ्यम्)|Pathyam]] or dietary regimens, lifestyle changes and other important methods like पंचकर्मः। Panchakarma. Hence, Kayachikitsa is the branch of Ayurveda that deals with management of systemic disorders.

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 Every new invention has its roots in some necessity. This is the basis for emergence and advancement of any branch of knowledge. Similarly, even some thousand years ago, Ayurveda originated because immense need for this kind of knowledge was felt at that time. This necessity highlights the importance and relevance of knowledge offered in Ayurveda as well as the purpose behind offering the knowledge of life in Ayurveda.
-Acharya Charaka throws a light on this by writing that, आरोग्यम् । Arogya ( Health and well being) acts as the root of धर्मः । [[Dharma (धर्मः)|Dharma]], अर्थः । Artha, कामः । Kama and मोक्षः। [[Moksha (मोक्षः)|Moksha]] which results in श्रेयः । [[Shreyas and Preyas (श्रेयः प्रेयः च)|Shreyas]] (obtaining better fortune) and जीवितम् । Jivitam (longevity). Through the fulfillment of these, life becomes complete socially, physically, psychologically, intellectually, and spiritually.<ref>Swami Krishnananda, The Heritage of Indian Culture ([https://www.swami-krishnananda.org/heritage/heritage_4.html Chapter 4])</ref> Therefore when in ancient times, common people, Seers and sages performing pious acts experienced impediments in fulfilling these aspects of life due to disturbances caused by diseases, the quest for knowledge of life began. This lead to the emergence of Ayurveda many thousand years ago. <blockquote>धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाणामारोग्यं मूलम् उत्तमम् ।। रोगास्तस्यापहर्तारः श्रेयसो जीवितस्य च । प्रादुर्भूतो मनुष्याणामन्तरायो महानयम् ।। (Char. Samh. 1.1.15,16)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>dharmārthakāmamokṣāṇāmārogyaṁ mūlam uttamam ।। rogāstasyāpahartāraḥ śreyaso jīvitasya ca । prādurbhūto manuṣyāṇāmantarāyo mahānayam ।।(Char. Samh. 1.1.15,16)</blockquote>Meaning: Arogya is believed to be the basic requirement for taking a step towards fulfilling all these पुरुषार्थाः । purusharthas. रोगाः। Roga (Meaning anything experienced as a painful event in life, anything that hurts, commonly referred to diseases) are the destructive events to अनारोग्यम् । anarogya (Ill health) and thus considered to be the obstacles in fulfilling Purushartha. Therefore there is a necessity to know the methods to achieve the desired आरोग्यम् । Arogya or healthy life by eliminating the rogas. This necessity also forms the basis of the unique structure of Ayurveda, the aim of Ayurveda and origin of various concepts that act as basic principles of Ayurveda.
+Acharya Charaka throws a light on this by writing that, आरोग्यम् । Arogya ( Health and well being) acts as the root of धर्मः । [[Dharma (धर्मः)|Dharma]], अर्थः । Artha, कामः । Kama and मोक्षः। [[Moksha (मोक्षः)|Moksha]] which results in श्रेयः । [[Shreyas and Preyas (श्रेयः प्रेयः च)|Shreyas]] (obtaining better fortune) and जीवितम् । Jivitam (longevity). Through the fulfillment of these, life becomes complete socially, physically, psychologically, intellectually, and adhyatmikly.<ref>Swami Krishnananda, The Heritage of Indian Culture ([https://www.swami-krishnananda.org/heritage/heritage_4.html Chapter 4])</ref> Therefore when in ancient times, common people, Seers and sages performing pious acts experienced impediments in fulfilling these aspects of life due to disturbances caused by diseases, the quest for knowledge of life began. This lead to the emergence of Ayurveda many thousand years ago. <blockquote>धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाणामारोग्यं मूलम् उत्तमम् ।। रोगास्तस्यापहर्तारः श्रेयसो जीवितस्य च । प्रादुर्भूतो मनुष्याणामन्तरायो महानयम् ।। (Char. Samh. 1.1.15,16)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>dharmārthakāmamokṣāṇāmārogyaṁ mūlam uttamam ।। rogāstasyāpahartāraḥ śreyaso jīvitasya ca । prādurbhūto manuṣyāṇāmantarāyo mahānayam ।।(Char. Samh. 1.1.15,16)</blockquote>Meaning: Arogya is believed to be the basic requirement for taking a step towards fulfilling all these पुरुषार्थाः । purusharthas. रोगाः। Roga (Meaning anything experienced as a painful event in life, anything that hurts, commonly referred to diseases) are the destructive events to अनारोग्यम् । anarogya (Ill health) and thus considered to be the obstacles in fulfilling Purushartha. Therefore there is a necessity to know the methods to achieve the desired आरोग्यम् । Arogya or healthy life by eliminating the rogas. This necessity also forms the basis of the unique structure of Ayurveda, the aim of Ayurveda and origin of various concepts that act as basic principles of Ayurveda.
 == आयुर्वेदस्य अधिकरणम् ॥ Adhikarana of Ayurveda ==
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 It is believed that the knowledge of Ayurveda was recollected by ब्रह्मा । [[Brahma (ब्रह्मा)|Brahma]] and not created. Knowledge of Ayurveda is thus said to be received first by Brahma in meditative state by revelation. It was then passed on to दक्ष प्रजापति । Daksha Prajapati. Daksha Prajapati passed on this knowledge to अश्विनीकुमारौ । [[Ashvini Kumaras (अश्विनीकुमारौ)|Ashvini Kumaras]]. Ashvini Kumaras are recognized as twin brothers who are renowned physicians of devatas. Various mythological tales in vedas describe complex, innovative surgical procedures and medical treatments performed by [[Ashvini Kumaras (अश्विनीकुमारौ)|Ashvini kumaras]]. Impressed by their fascinating medical knowledge and skills of surgery, इन्द्र । Indra requested them to share this knowledge with him. In this way Indra inherited knowledge of Ayurveda from Ashvini Kumaras and later passed on this knowledge to seers and sages of ancient India. The transfer of Ayurveda from devatas to manushyas (descent To earth) is described by different tales in various treatises. There are mainly 2 traditions of this transfer where one tradition is known as Atreya Parampara (tradition) and the other one as Dhanvantari Paramapara.
 === आत्रेय परम्परा॥ Atreya Parampara  ===
-In ancient India, the sages and seers were engaged in performing various yajnas and pious acts as a part of their practices for spiritual enlightenment. When emergence of various diseases started creating obstacles in the तप। [[Tapas|tapa]] , उपवास। Upawas , ब्रह्मचर्य। [[Brahmacharya (walking on the path of the divine)|Brahmacharya]] , व्रत। Vrata  and आयुष। Aayush , immense need to find out a solution for these diseases was felt. [[File:Medicinal Herbs.png|thumb|700x700px|'''Disciples helping Guru in treating a patient.''' Courtesy: Permitted to use Copyrighted Images from the Book "Sarwang" Published by Adivasi Lok Kala Evam Boli Vikas Academy, Madhya Pradesh Sanskriti Parishad]]Looking at the plight of mankind, the sages and seers decided to assemble at one of the auspicious sides of Himalayas and search for a solution. ऋषयः। Rushis like Angira, Jamadagni, Vasishtha, Kashyapa, Bhrugu, Atreya, Gautam, Saankhya, Pulastya, Narad, Agastya, Vamadev, Asit, Markandeya, Paarikshi, Ashwalayan, Bhikshu Atreya, Bhardwaja, Kapinjala, Wishwamitra, Ashwamathya, Bhargava, Chyawan, Abhijit, Gargya, Shandilya, Koundilya, Varkshi, Devala, Galav and many other sages were part of this assembly. They all were enlightened and brilliant. They started discussing that diseases are appearing as obstacles in attainment of Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. Aarogya is the main source for achieving these while, diseases work as destroyers of health, welfare and life. Hence, in order to overcome this problem, they started thinking of means to get rid of these diseases , achieve longevity and the source to find this knowledge. In a meditative state, they saw Indra as a savior, the source to obtain this knowledge. They realized that Indra could be the only source to get the desired knowledge and thus decided to meet him.
+In ancient India, the sages and seers were engaged in performing various yajnas and pious acts as a part of their practices for adhyatmik enlightenment. When emergence of various diseases started creating obstacles in the तप। [[Tapas|tapa]] , उपवास। Upawas , ब्रह्मचर्य। [[Brahmacharya (walking on the path of the divine)|Brahmacharya]] , व्रत। Vrata  and आयुष। Aayush , immense need to find out a solution for these diseases was felt. [[File:Medicinal Herbs.png|thumb|700x700px|'''Disciples helping Guru in treating a patient.''' Courtesy: Permitted to use Copyrighted Images from the Book "Sarwang" Published by Adivasi Lok Kala Evam Boli Vikas Academy, Madhya Pradesh Sanskriti Parishad]]Looking at the plight of mankind, the sages and seers decided to assemble at one of the auspicious sides of Himalayas and search for a solution. ऋषयः। Rushis like Angira, Jamadagni, Vasishtha, Kashyapa, Bhrugu, Atreya, Gautam, Saankhya, Pulastya, Narad, Agastya, Vamadev, Asit, Markandeya, Paarikshi, Ashwalayan, Bhikshu Atreya, Bhardwaja, Kapinjala, Wishwamitra, Ashwamathya, Bhargava, Chyawan, Abhijit, Gargya, Shandilya, Koundilya, Varkshi, Devala, Galav and many other sages were part of this assembly. They all were enlightened and brilliant. They started discussing that diseases are appearing as obstacles in attainment of Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. Aarogya is the main source for achieving these while, diseases work as destroyers of health, welfare and life. Hence, in order to overcome this problem, they started thinking of means to get rid of these diseases , achieve longevity and the source to find this knowledge. In a meditative state, they saw Indra as a savior, the source to obtain this knowledge. They realized that Indra could be the only source to get the desired knowledge and thus decided to meet him.
 ऋषी भरद्वाज। Rushi Bharadwaja voluntarily expressed the willingness to work as representative and hence was deputed by sages to go to the abode of Indra and request him to share the knowledge. In a very short span, intelligent and devoted sage Bharadwaja absorbed Ayurveda knowledge in its entirety, practiced himself to attain happy life and transferred it to other sages. This way, ऋषी भरद्वाज। Rushi Bharadwaja is considered as the first Manushya to receive the knowledge of Ayurveda for welfare of mankind on earth. He then passed on this knowledge to various other sages.

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 == आयुर्वेदोत्पत्तेः पार्श्वभूमिः ॥ Emergence of Ayurveda  ==
-Every new invention has its roots in some necessity. This the the basis for emergence and advancement of any branch of knowledge. Similarly, even many thousand years ago, Ayurveda originated because immense need for this kind of knowledge was felt at that time. This necessity highlights the importance and relevance of knowledge offered in Ayurveda as well as the purpose behind offering the knowledge of life in Ayurveda.
+Every new invention has its roots in some necessity. This is the basis for emergence and advancement of any branch of knowledge. Similarly, even some thousand years ago, Ayurveda originated because immense need for this kind of knowledge was felt at that time. This necessity highlights the importance and relevance of knowledge offered in Ayurveda as well as the purpose behind offering the knowledge of life in Ayurveda.
 Acharya Charaka throws a light on this by writing that, आरोग्यम् । Arogya ( Health and well being) acts as the root of धर्मः । [[Dharma (धर्मः)|Dharma]], अर्थः । Artha, कामः । Kama and मोक्षः। [[Moksha (मोक्षः)|Moksha]] which results in श्रेयः । [[Shreyas and Preyas (श्रेयः प्रेयः च)|Shreyas]] (obtaining better fortune) and जीवितम् । Jivitam (longevity). Through the fulfillment of these, life becomes complete socially, physically, psychologically, intellectually, and spiritually.<ref>Swami Krishnananda, The Heritage of Indian Culture ([https://www.swami-krishnananda.org/heritage/heritage_4.html Chapter 4])</ref> Therefore when in ancient times, common people, Seers and sages performing pious acts experienced impediments in fulfilling these aspects of life due to disturbances caused by diseases, the quest for knowledge of life began. This lead to the emergence of Ayurveda many thousand years ago. <blockquote>धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाणामारोग्यं मूलम् उत्तमम् ।। रोगास्तस्यापहर्तारः श्रेयसो जीवितस्य च । प्रादुर्भूतो मनुष्याणामन्तरायो महानयम् ।। (Char. Samh. 1.1.15,16)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>dharmārthakāmamokṣāṇāmārogyaṁ mūlam uttamam ।। rogāstasyāpahartāraḥ śreyaso jīvitasya ca । prādurbhūto manuṣyāṇāmantarāyo mahānayam ।।(Char. Samh. 1.1.15,16)</blockquote>Meaning: Arogya is believed to be the basic requirement for taking a step towards fulfilling all these पुरुषार्थाः । purusharthas. रोगाः। Roga (Meaning anything experienced as a painful event in life, anything that hurts, commonly referred to diseases) are the destructive events to अनारोग्यम् । anarogya (Ill health) and thus considered to be the obstacles in fulfilling Purushartha. Therefore there is a necessity to know the methods to achieve the desired आरोग्यम् । Arogya or healthy life by eliminating the rogas. This necessity also forms the basis of the unique structure of Ayurveda, the aim of Ayurveda and origin of various concepts that act as basic principles of Ayurveda.

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 == परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
-Ayurveda, as the name aptly suggests, is a part of vedic literature originated in भारतवर्षः । Bharatavarsha. It is considered to be the उपवेदः । [[Upavedas (उपवेदाः)|Upaveda]] of अथर्ववेदः । Atharvaveda with its main focus on maintenance of आयुः। Ayu. Ayurveda thus offers the divine methods to achieve Ayu and keep away the रोगाः । Rogas that create obstacles in the daily activities of human beings. Ayu (Samskrit: आयुः) is a union of 4 elements namely, शरीरम् । Shareeram (Body that has natural tendency to degenerate), इन्द्रियाणि । Indriyas (commonly known as sense organs and motor organs), सत्वम् । Satva (or मनस् commonly known as mind) and आत्मा । [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atma]] (commonly referred to as life energy, consciousness or indestructible spirit). It follows that, subject, scope and application of Ayurveda is not limited to physical body but to all the 4 elements and the union of all these.
+Ayurveda, as the name aptly suggests, is a part of vedic literature originated in भारतवर्षः । Bharatavarsha. It is considered to be the उपवेदः । [[Upavedas (उपवेदाः)|Upaveda]] of अथर्ववेदः । Atharvaveda with its main focus on maintenance of आयुः। Ayu. Ayurveda thus offers the divine methods to achieve Ayu and keep away the रोगाः । Rogas that create obstacles in the daily activities of human beings. Ayu (Samskrit: आयुः) is a union of 4 elements namely, शरीरम् । [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|Shariram]] (Body that has natural tendency to degenerate), इन्द्रियाणि । Indriyas (commonly known as sense organs and motor organs), सत्वम् । [[Manas (मनः)|Satva]] (or मनस् commonly known as mind) and आत्मा । [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atma]] (commonly referred to as life energy, consciousness or indestructible spirit). It follows that, subject, scope and application of Ayurveda is not limited to physical body but to all the 4 elements and the union of all these.
 == व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology ==
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 === आयुः ॥ Ayu ===
 Ayu is defined as the close union of 4 elements namely
-# शरीर ॥ [[Shareeram (शरीरम्)|Shareeram]] (Body that has natural tendency to degenerate)
+# शरीर ॥ [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|Shariram]] (Body that has natural tendency to degenerate)
 # इन्द्रिय ॥ Indriyani (commonly known as sense organs and motor organs)
-# सत्व ॥ Satva (मनस् Manas or commonly known as mind)
+# सत्व ॥ [[Manas (मनः)|Satva]] (मनस् Manas or commonly known as mind)
 # आत्मा ॥ [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atman]] (commonly referred to as life energy, consciousness or indestructible spirit)
 Dhaari (धारि), Jeevitam (जीवितम्), Nityaga (नित्यगः), Anubandha (अनुबन्ध) are the terms synonymously used with Ayu. This union is present till the time of death or in other words death is the discontinuation of this union. Therefore Shareeram, Indriyas, Satva and Atma are considered the essential components of Life. <blockquote>शरीरेन्द्रियसत्त्वात्मसंयोगो धारि जीवितम् । नित्यगश्चानुबन्धश्च पर्यायैरयुरुच्यते ।। (Char. Samh. 1.1.42)<ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Sutrasthana Adhyaya 1])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>śarīrendriyasattvātmasaṁyogo dhāri jīvitam । nityagaścānubandhaśca paryāyairayurucyate ।।(Char. Samh. 1.1.42)</blockquote>
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 अधिकरणम् । Adhikarna means the substratum or the object for which the entire knowledge is offered.
-Aacharya Charaka has clearly mentioned that, knowledge about life offered in Ayurveda is related to the Ayu of त्रिदन्डात्मकपुरुषः । Tridandatmaka [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|Purusha]]. It is highly recommended for one to understand the concept of त्रिदन्डात्मकपुरुषः । Tridandatmaka Purusha described in Ayurveda to appraise the scope and application of Ayurveda. The entire knowledge in Ayurveda has been offered for this object known as Tridandatmaka Purusha.  <blockquote>सत्वमात्मा शरीरं च त्रयमेतत्त्रिदण्डवत् । लोक्स्तिष्ठति संयोगात्तत्र सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ।</blockquote><blockquote>स पुमांश्चेतनं तच्च तच्चाधिकरणं स्म्रुतम् । वेदस्यास्य, तदर्थं हि वेदो अयं प्रकाशितः ।। (Char. Samh. 1.1.46,47)<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote><blockquote>satvamātmā śarīraṁ ca trayametattridaṇḍavat । lokstiṣṭhati saṁyogāttatra sarvaṁ pratiṣṭhitam ।</blockquote><blockquote>sa pumāṁścetanaṁ tacca taccādhikaraṇaṁ smrutam । vedasyāsya, tadarthaṁ hi vedo ayaṁ prakāśitaḥ ।।(Char. Samh. 1.1.46,47)</blockquote>Meaning: सत्वम्। Satva (Mind), आत्मा। [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atman]] (Life energy) and शरीरम् । Shariram (Body) are the three basic components. The union of these three components form the tripod of life. The entire life depends and sustains on this union. It must be understood that any one of these is not sufficient to uphold the life individually. When each one of these factors supports other and form a union, they develop the ability to sustain the life. When any one of these factors is absent and their union breaks, the life discontinues. Hence each of these 3 factors and their union hold equal importance. This union is also called as  पुमान् । Puman or चेतनम् । Chetan and, this is the object under discussion in Ayurveda. In fact Ayurveda had been brought into the main stream of practice mainly for this object.
+Acharya Charaka has clearly mentioned that, knowledge about life offered in Ayurveda is related to the Ayu of त्रिदन्डात्मकपुरुषः । Tridandatmaka [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|Purusha]]. It is highly recommended for one to understand the concept of त्रिदन्डात्मकपुरुषः । Tridandatmaka Purusha described in Ayurveda to appraise the scope and application of Ayurveda. The entire knowledge in Ayurveda has been offered for this object known as Tridandatmaka Purusha.  <blockquote>सत्वमात्मा शरीरं च त्रयमेतत्त्रिदण्डवत् । लोक्स्तिष्ठति संयोगात्तत्र सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ।</blockquote><blockquote>स पुमांश्चेतनं तच्च तच्चाधिकरणं स्म्रुतम् । वेदस्यास्य, तदर्थं हि वेदो अयं प्रकाशितः ।। (Char. Samh. 1.1.46,47)<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote><blockquote>satvamātmā śarīraṁ ca trayametattridaṇḍavat । lokstiṣṭhati saṁyogāttatra sarvaṁ pratiṣṭhitam ।</blockquote><blockquote>sa pumāṁścetanaṁ tacca taccādhikaraṇaṁ smrutam । vedasyāsya, tadarthaṁ hi vedo ayaṁ prakāśitaḥ ।।(Char. Samh. 1.1.46,47)</blockquote>Meaning: सत्वम्। Satva (Mind), आत्मा। [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atman]] (Life energy) and शरीरम् । Shariram (Body) are the three basic components. The union of these three components form the tripod of life. The entire life depends and sustains on this union. It must be understood that any one of these is not sufficient to uphold the life individually. When each one of these factors supports other and form a union, they develop the ability to sustain the life. When any one of these factors is absent and their union breaks, the life discontinues. Hence each of these 3 factors and their union hold equal importance. This union is also called as  पुमान् । Puman or चेतनम् । Chetan and, this is the object under discussion in Ayurveda. In fact Ayurveda had been brought into the main stream of practice mainly for this object.
 == आयुर्वेदावतरणम् ॥ Ayurveda Avatarana ==
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 As per Acharya Charaka, establishing धातुसाम्यम् । Dhatusamyam is the only aim of Ayurveda.<blockquote>धातुसाम्यक्रिया चोक्ता तन्त्रस्यास्य प्रयोजनम् ।। (Char. Samh. 1.1.43)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>dhātusāmyakriyā coktā tantrasyāsya prayojanam ।।</blockquote>Meaning: Establishing Dhatusamyam is the only aim of Ayurveda.
-In another discourse, Dhatusamyam (balanced state of body tissues) is defined as  आरोग्यम्। Aarogya. Aacharya Charaka defines विकाराः।  Vikara (diseases) as धातुवैषम्यम्। Dhaatu vaishamya (Imbalance of body tissues).  Dhaatu samyam is labelled as प्रकृतिः । Prakruti or state of equilibrium of the human system. Vikaras are considered as दुःख । Dukkha and consequently the opposite, सुख । Sukha, is considered as the state of absence of vikara. <ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Khuddakachatushpada_Adhyaya Sootrasthana Adhyaya 9 Sootra 4])</ref> Ultimately Dhaatu samyam is referred to as Aarogyam (Health) and Sukham (Wellbeing and happiness). This clarifies that, the aim of Ayurveda is to establish Aarogya or Dhatusamyam which ultimately helps for attainment of Sukha.
+In another discourse, Dhatusamyam (balanced state of body tissues) is defined as आरोग्यम्। Aarogya. Aacharya Charaka defines विकाराः।  Vikara (diseases) as धातुवैषम्यम्। [[Dhatus (धातवः)|Dhatu]] vaishamya (Imbalance of body tissues).  Dhatu samyam is labelled as प्रकृतिः । Prakruti or state of equilibrium of the human system. Vikaras are considered as दुःख । Dukkha and consequently the opposite, सुख । Sukha, is considered as the state of absence of vikara. <ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Khuddakachatushpada_Adhyaya Sootrasthana Adhyaya 9 Sootra 4])</ref> Ultimately Dhatu samyam is referred to as Aarogyam (Health) and Sukham (Well-being and happiness). This clarifies that, the aim of Ayurveda is to establish Aarogya or Dhatusamyam which ultimately helps for attainment of Sukha.
 === व्याधिपरिमोक्षः स्वस्थस्य रक्षणं च ॥ Curative and Preventive Medicine ===
@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
 # Shalya Chikitsa: शल्यचिकित्सा) : Surgical procedures involving use of blunt and sharp instruments, fire, Ksharas (different forms of alkalis) and bloodletting procedures.
 # Damstra Chikitsa (दन्ष्ट्राचिकित्सा) or Agadatantra (अगदतन्त्रम्) : Treatments similar to Toxicology
-# Jara Chikitsa (जराचिकित्सा) or Rasayanatantra (रसायनतन्त्रम्) : Geriatrics, Rejuvenation
+# Jara Chikitsa (जराचिकित्सा) or [[Rasayana (रसायनम्)|Rasayanatantra]] (रसायनतन्त्रम्) : Geriatrics, Rejuvenation
 # Vrsha Chikitsa (वृषचिकित्सा) or Vajikaranatantra (वाजीकरणम्) : Aphrodisiac therapy, treatments assisting natural conception and fertility
 === कायचिकित्सा ॥ Kayachikitsa (Internal Medicine) ===
@@ Line 101: / Line 101: @@
 === रसायनतन्त्रम् ॥ Rasayanatantra  (Geriatrics & Rejuvenation) ===
-Rasayana tantra is a specialty of Ayurveda. It is also known as Jarachikitsa. Various methods to prevent premature ageing, achieve longevity (by preventing diseases and preserving the health), increase the strength, endurance and immunity are discussed under this branch of Ayurveda. The word जरा । ‘Jara’ means Ageing or senility. Thus, Jarachikitsa also signifies the specialty treatments in Ayurveda for diseases occurring in old age. Therefore, this branch is commonly referred to as Geriatrics but its scope is not limited to the subject of Geriatrics. Detailed description of Rasayana can be found in Rasayana chapter of Charaka Samhita <ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Rasayana Chikitsasthanam, Rasayana pada,  Adhyaya 1]) </ref> and other treatises of Ayurveda.
+[[Rasayana (रसायनम्)|Rasayana]] tantra is a specialty of Ayurveda. It is also known as Jarachikitsa. Various methods to prevent premature ageing, achieve longevity (by preventing diseases and preserving the health), increase the strength, endurance and immunity are discussed under this branch of Ayurveda. The word जरा । ‘Jara’ means Ageing or senility. Thus, Jarachikitsa also signifies the specialty treatments in Ayurveda for diseases occurring in old age. Therefore, this branch is commonly referred to as Geriatrics but its scope is not limited to the subject of Geriatrics. Detailed description of Rasayana can be found in Rasayana chapter of Charaka Samhita <ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Rasayana Chikitsasthanam, Rasayana pada,  Adhyaya 1]) </ref> and other treatises of Ayurveda.
 === वृषचिकित्सा ॥ Vrisha Chikitsa  (Aphrodisiac therapy) ===

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 अधिकरणम् । Adhikarna means the substratum or the object for which the entire knowledge is offered.
-Aacharya Charaka has clearly mentioned that, knowledge about life offered in Ayurveda is related to the Ayu of त्रिदन्डात्मकपुरुषः । Tridandatmaka [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|Purusha]]. It is highly recommended for one to understand the concept of त्रिदन्डात्मकपुरुषः । Tridandatmaka Purusha described in Ayurveda to appraise the scope and application of Ayurveda. The entire knowledge in Ayurveda has been offered for this object known as Tridandatmaka Purusha.  <blockquote>सत्वमात्मा शरीरं च त्रयमेतत्त्रिदण्डवत् । लोक्स्तिष्ठति संयोगात्तत्र सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ।</blockquote><blockquote>स पुमांश्चेतनं तच्च तच्चाधिकरणं स्म्रुतम् । वेदस्यास्य, तदर्थं हि वेदो अयं प्रकाशितः ।। (Char. Samh. 1.1.46,47)<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote><blockquote>satvamātmā śarīraṁ ca trayametattridaṇḍavat । lokstiṣṭhati saṁyogāttatra sarvaṁ pratiṣṭhitam ।</blockquote><blockquote>sa pumāṁścetanaṁ tacca taccādhikaraṇaṁ smrutam । vedasyāsya, tadarthaṁ hi vedo ayaṁ prakāśitaḥ ।।(Char. Samh. 1.1.46,47)</blockquote>Meaning: सत्वम्। Satva (Mind), आत्मा। [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atman]] (Soul) and शरीरम् । Shareeram (Body) are the three basic components. The union of these three components form the tripod of life. The entire life depends and sustains on this union. It must be understood that any one of these is not sufficient to uphold the life individually. When each one of these factors supports other and form a union, they develop the ability to sustain the life. When any one of these factors is absent and their union breaks, the life discontinues. Hence each of these 3 factors and their union hold equal importance. This union is also called as  पुमान् । Puman or चेतनम् । Chetan and, this is the object under discussion in Ayurveda. In fact Ayurveda had been brought into the main stream of practice mainly for this object.
+Aacharya Charaka has clearly mentioned that, knowledge about life offered in Ayurveda is related to the Ayu of त्रिदन्डात्मकपुरुषः । Tridandatmaka [[Purusha (पुरुषः)|Purusha]]. It is highly recommended for one to understand the concept of त्रिदन्डात्मकपुरुषः । Tridandatmaka Purusha described in Ayurveda to appraise the scope and application of Ayurveda. The entire knowledge in Ayurveda has been offered for this object known as Tridandatmaka Purusha.  <blockquote>सत्वमात्मा शरीरं च त्रयमेतत्त्रिदण्डवत् । लोक्स्तिष्ठति संयोगात्तत्र सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ।</blockquote><blockquote>स पुमांश्चेतनं तच्च तच्चाधिकरणं स्म्रुतम् । वेदस्यास्य, तदर्थं हि वेदो अयं प्रकाशितः ।। (Char. Samh. 1.1.46,47)<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote><blockquote>satvamātmā śarīraṁ ca trayametattridaṇḍavat । lokstiṣṭhati saṁyogāttatra sarvaṁ pratiṣṭhitam ।</blockquote><blockquote>sa pumāṁścetanaṁ tacca taccādhikaraṇaṁ smrutam । vedasyāsya, tadarthaṁ hi vedo ayaṁ prakāśitaḥ ।।(Char. Samh. 1.1.46,47)</blockquote>Meaning: सत्वम्। Satva (Mind), आत्मा। [[Atman (आत्मन्)|Atman]] (Life energy) and शरीरम् । Shariram (Body) are the three basic components. The union of these three components form the tripod of life. The entire life depends and sustains on this union. It must be understood that any one of these is not sufficient to uphold the life individually. When each one of these factors supports other and form a union, they develop the ability to sustain the life. When any one of these factors is absent and their union breaks, the life discontinues. Hence each of these 3 factors and their union hold equal importance. This union is also called as  पुमान् । Puman or चेतनम् । Chetan and, this is the object under discussion in Ayurveda. In fact Ayurveda had been brought into the main stream of practice mainly for this object.
 == आयुर्वेदावतरणम् ॥ Ayurveda Avatarana ==

@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 It is extremely important to understand that, in Ayurveda, Sexual intercourse is considered for the purpose of reproduction. Therefore, this branch of Ayurveda is developed to correct the imbalances in the factors responsible for reproduction and developing healthy progeny. This specialty also deals with diseases of infertility resulting from unhealthy Shukra. It is not intended for enhancing only the carnal pleasures like it is misinterpreted many times. Detail description of Vajikarana is found in Vajikarana chapter of Charaka Samhita <ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Vajikarana Chikitsasthanam, Vajikarana Pada,  Adhyaya 1]) </ref> and other authoritative texts in Ayurveda.
 == References ==
 <references />
 [[Category:Ayurveda]]

@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 == अष्टाङग आयुर्वेदः ॥  Ashtanga Ayurveda ==
 This entire knowledge of life in Ayurveda is divided under 8 main branches. These are called उपाङ्गानि। Upanga of Ayurveda and as they are 8 in number, Ayurveda is also called Ashtanga Ayurveda.<ref name=":1" /> <ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7 Sootrasthanam Adhyaya 1])</ref> These 8 branches are as follows:
-# Kayachikitsa (कायचिकित्सा): Internal Medicine for systemic diseases caused due to disturbances in [[Agni (अग्निः)|Agni]]
+# Kayachikitsa (कायचिकित्सा): Internal Medicine for systemic diseases caused due to disturbances in [[Agni (अग्निः)|Agni]] (digestive fire)
 # Bala Chikitsa (बालचिकित्सा) or Koumarbhrutyatantram: (कौमारभृत्यतन्त्रम्) : Treatment of neonates, infants and children like Paediatrics
 # Graha Chikitsa (ग्रहचिकित्सा) or Bhutavidya (भूतविद्या) : Demonology / Psychology
 # Urdhvaanga Chikitsa (उर्ध्वाङ्चिकित्सा) : Treatment of disease occurring in head and neck
-# Shalya Chikitsa: शल्यचिकित्सा) : Surgical procedures involving use of blunt and sharp instruments, fire, Kshara and bloodletting
+# Shalya Chikitsa: शल्यचिकित्सा) : Surgical procedures involving use of blunt and sharp instruments, fire, Ksharas (different forms of alkalis) and bloodletting procedures.
 # Damstra Chikitsa (दन्ष्ट्राचिकित्सा) or Agadatantra (अगदतन्त्रम्) : Treatments similar to Toxicology
 # Jara Chikitsa (जराचिकित्सा) or Rasayanatantra (रसायनतन्त्रम्) : Geriatrics, Rejuvenation
 # Vrsha Chikitsa (वृषचिकित्सा) or Vajikaranatantra (वाजीकरणम्) : Aphrodisiac therapy, treatments assisting natural conception and fertility
 === कायचिकित्सा ॥ Kayachikitsa (Internal Medicine) ===
-It deals with Internal Medicine for systemic diseases caused due to disturbances in Agni. The word Kayachikitsa is composed of 2 parts. First is काय । Kaay, meaning complete physical body composed of multiple अवयवाः । Avayava (various organs and systems) in all the stages of life, while चिकित्सा । Chikitsa refers to the treatment methods. Thus, Kayachikitsa offers the knowledge of treatments for bodily diseases. This branch is commonly co-related with internal medicine. It is believed that imbalances in दोषाः । Dosha, धातवः । Dhatu, मलाः। Mala and अग्निः । Agni are the fundamental causes for development of almost all the diseases. These imbalances can be managed using various orally administered medicines, पथ्यम् । [[Pathya (पथ्यम्)|Pathyam]] or dietary regimens, lifestyle changes and other important methods like पंचकर्मः। Panchakarma. Hence, Kayachikitsa is the branch of Ayurveda that deals with management of systemic disorders.
+It deals with Internal Medicine for systemic diseases caused due to disturbances in Agni ( digestive fire). The word Kayachikitsa is composed of 2 parts. First is काय । Kaay, meaning complete physical body composed of multiple अवयवाः । Avayava (various organs and systems) in all the stages of life, while चिकित्सा । Chikitsa refers to the treatment methods. Thus, Kayachikitsa offers the knowledge of treatments for bodily diseases. This branch is commonly co-related with internal medicine. It is believed that imbalances in दोषाः । Dosha, धातवः । Dhatu, मलाः। Mala and अग्निः । Agni are the fundamental causes for development of almost all the diseases. These imbalances can be managed using various orally administered medicines, पथ्यम् । [[Pathya (पथ्यम्)|Pathyam]] or dietary regimens, lifestyle changes and other important methods like पंचकर्मः। Panchakarma. Hence, Kayachikitsa is the branch of Ayurveda that deals with management of systemic disorders.
 === कौमारभृत्यतन्त्रम् ॥ Koumarabhrutyatantram (Pediatrics) ===
-This branch includes knowledge of treating diseases occurring in neonates, infants and children. Diseases in this age group are considered to be caused by imbalances in nutrition, contaminated breast milk from feeding mother and sometimes some unknown factors or evil forces known as ग्रह । Graha. Causes, Clinical manifestations and methods to treat these diseases can be found in Kaumarbhrutya which is also known as बालचिकित्सा । Balachikitsa.
+This branch includes knowledge of treating diseases occurring in neonates, infants and children. Diseases in this age group are considered to be caused by imbalances in nutrition, contaminated breast milk from feeding mother and sometimes some unknown factors or evil forces refered as ग्रह । Grahas. Causes, Clinical manifestations and methods to treat these diseases can be found in Kaumarbhrutya which is also known as बालचिकित्सा । Balachikitsa.
 === ग्रहचिकित्सा ॥ Graha Chikitsa (Demonology & Psychology) ===
-This is also known as भूतविद्या । Bhutavidya and deals with Demonology & Psychology a branch unique to Ayurveda. This branch focuses on management of various diseases caused due to unknown etiological factors which might include ill spirits, demons, astrological factors etc. These factors primarily affect चेतस् । Chetas. Hence this branch offers knowledge of methods to fight psychological and psycho-somatic diseases. It includes mention of various शान्तिकर्माणि । Shantikarmas, मन्त्राः। Mantras etc for the treatment of such ailments. Such remedy measures are also ancient and considered unique to Ayurveda.
+This is also known as भूतविद्या । Bhutavidya and deals with Demonology & Psychology, a branch unique to Ayurveda. This branch focuses on management of various diseases caused due to unknown etiological factors which might include ill spirits, demons, astrological factors etc. These factors primarily affect चेतस् । Chetas (mental faculties). Hence this branch offers knowledge of methods to fight psychological and psycho-somatic diseases. It includes mention of various शान्तिकर्माणि । Shantikarmas, मन्त्राः। Mantras etc for the treatment of such ailments. Such remedy measures are also ancient and considered unique to Ayurveda.
 === शालाक्यतन्त्रम्॥ Shalakyatantra (Head and Neck Treatment) ===
@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 === शल्यचिकित्सा॥ Shalya Chikitsa (Surgery) ===
-It consists of surgical procedures involving use of blunt and sharp instruments, fire, Kshara and bloodletting and hence commonly referred to as Surgery. Knowledge of various procedures performed using various types of blunt यन्त्रम्। and शस्त्रम्। sharp instruments, क्षाराः । Ksharas (Alkaline Ash like substances), अग्निः । fire and various local treatments for wound healing are described under this section. Many instruments of surgery used in the present day are identical to those mentioned in Ayurveda Samhitas.
+It consists of surgical procedures involving use of blunt and sharp instruments, fire, Kshara and bloodletting and hence commonly referred to as Surgery. Knowledge of various procedures performed using various types of यन्त्रम्। blunt and शस्त्रम्। sharp instruments, क्षाराः । Ksharas (Alkaline Ash like substances), अग्निः । fire and various local treatments for wound healing are described under this section. Many instruments of surgery used in the present day are identical to those mentioned in Ayurveda Samhitas scripted thousands of years ago.
 === दन्ष्ट्राचिकित्सा ॥ Damstra Chikitsa (Toxicology) ===
-Damstra Chikitsa is also known as Agadatantra (अगदतन्त्रम्). It is a very well-developed branch in Ayurveda which deals with management of cases of poisoning from various sources like snakes, insects, food combinations, natural and artificial poisons. It provides details of identification, causes, clinical manifestations and methods to eliminate the poison from body. It is commonly referred as Toxicology.
+Damstra Chikitsa is also known as Agadatantra (अगदतन्त्रम्). It is a very well-developed branch of Ayurveda which deals with management of cases of poisoning from various sources like snakes, insects, food combinations, natural and artificial poisons etc. It provides details on identification of source of poison, causes, clinical manifestations and methods to eliminate the poison from body. It is commonly referred as Ayurvedic Toxicology.
 === रसायनतन्त्रम् ॥ Rasayanatantra  (Geriatrics & Rejuvenation) ===
-Rasayana tantra is a specialty of Ayurveda. It is also known as Jarachikitsa. Various methods to prevent premature ageing, achieve longevity (by preventing diseases and preserving the health), increase the strength, endurance and immunity are discussed under this branch of Ayurveda. The word जरा । ‘Jara’ means Ageing or senility. Thus, Jarachikitsa also signifies the specialty treatments in Ayurveda for diseases occurring in old age. Therefore, this branch is commonly referred to as Geriatrics but its scope is not limited to the subject of Geriatrics. Detailed description of Rasayana is found in Rasayana chapter of Charaka Samhita.<ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Rasayana Chikitsasthanam, Rasayana pada,  Adhyaya 1]) </ref>
+Rasayana tantra is a specialty of Ayurveda. It is also known as Jarachikitsa. Various methods to prevent premature ageing, achieve longevity (by preventing diseases and preserving the health), increase the strength, endurance and immunity are discussed under this branch of Ayurveda. The word जरा । ‘Jara’ means Ageing or senility. Thus, Jarachikitsa also signifies the specialty treatments in Ayurveda for diseases occurring in old age. Therefore, this branch is commonly referred to as Geriatrics but its scope is not limited to the subject of Geriatrics. Detailed description of Rasayana can be found in Rasayana chapter of Charaka Samhita <ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Rasayana Chikitsasthanam, Rasayana pada,  Adhyaya 1]) </ref> and other treatises of Ayurveda.
 === वृषचिकित्सा ॥ Vrisha Chikitsa  (Aphrodisiac therapy) ===
-Vrisha chikitsa is also known as Vajikaranam वाजीकरणम् । in Ayurveda. This stream of Ayurveda offers knowledge of methods to preserve sexual health and treat diseases related to reproduction. This involves use of medicines, diet, lifestyle modifications and psychotherapy to correct the imbalances that cause deficiency, impurity, insufficient production and dryness of रेतस् । Retas (Commonly known as शुक्रम्। Shukra, which is one of the 7 Dhatus of पुरुषः । Purusha and is responsible for reproduction. Not equal to but similar to semen). It elaborates on the therapeutic measures for nourishment, fortification and enhancement of the quality and quantity of Shukra. Moreover, it also provides knowledge about methods to increase the libido and aphrodisiac agents.
+Vrisha chikitsa is also known as Vajikaranam वाजीकरणम् । in Ayurveda. This stream of Ayurveda offers knowledge of methods to preserve sexual health and treat diseases related to reproduction. This involves use of medicines, diet, lifestyle modifications and psychotherapy to correct the imbalances that cause deficiency, impurity, insufficient production and dryness of रेतस् । Retas (Commonly known as शुक्रम्। Shukra. Shukram is one of the 7 Dhatus (body tissues) of पुरुषः । Purusha and it is responsible for reproduction, growth and development. Not equal to but similar to semen). It elaborates on the therapeutic measures for nourishment, fortification and enhancement of the quality and quantity of Shukra. Moreover, it also provides knowledge about methods to increase the libido and use of aphrodisiac agents.
-It is extremely important to understand that, in Ayurveda, Sexual intercourse is considered for the purpose of reproduction. Therefore, this branch of Ayurveda is developed to correct the imbalances in the factors responsible for reproduction and generation of healthy progeny. This specialty deals with diseases of infertility resulting from unhealthy Shukra. It is not intended for enhancing the carnal pleasures like it is misinterpreted many times. Detail description of Vajikarana is found in Vajikarana chapter of Charaka Samhita.<ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Vajikarana Chikitsasthanam, Vajikarana Pada,  Adhyaya 1]) </ref>
+It is extremely important to understand that, in Ayurveda, Sexual intercourse is considered for the purpose of reproduction. Therefore, this branch of Ayurveda is developed to correct the imbalances in the factors responsible for reproduction and developing healthy progeny. This specialty also deals with diseases of infertility resulting from unhealthy Shukra. It is not intended for enhancing only the carnal pleasures like it is misinterpreted many times. Detail description of Vajikarana is found in Vajikarana chapter of Charaka Samhita <ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Vajikarana Chikitsasthanam, Vajikarana Pada,  Adhyaya 1]) </ref> and other authoritative texts in Ayurveda.
 == References ==
 <references />
 [[Category:Ayurveda]]

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 == आयुर्वेदस्य प्रयोजनम्॥ Prayojana of Ayurveda ==
-प्रयोजन । Prayojana of Ayurveda means the aim of Ayurveda which is described as below.
+प्रयोजन । Prayojana of Ayurveda means the aim of Ayurveda. It is described as below.
 === धातुसाम्यम् ॥ Establishment of equilibrium of Dhatus ===
 As per Acharya Charaka, establishing धातुसाम्यम् । Dhatusamyam is the only aim of Ayurveda.<blockquote>धातुसाम्यक्रिया चोक्ता तन्त्रस्यास्य प्रयोजनम् ।। (Char. Samh. 1.1.43)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>dhātusāmyakriyā coktā tantrasyāsya prayojanam ।।</blockquote>Meaning: Establishing Dhatusamyam is the only aim of Ayurveda.
-In another discourse Dhatusamyam is defined as  आरोग्यम्। Aarogya. Aacharya Charaka defines विकाराः।  Vikara as धातुवैषम्यम्। Dhaatu vaishamya.  Dhaatu samyam is labelled as प्रकृतिः । Prakruti or state of equilibrium of the human system. Vikaras are considered as दुःख । Dukkha and consequently the opposite, सुख । Sukha, is considered to be the state of absence of vikara. <ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Khuddakachatushpada_Adhyaya Sootrasthana Adhyaya 9 Sootra 4])</ref> Ultimately Dhaatu samyam is referred to as Aarogyam and Sukham. This clarifies that, the aim of Ayurveda is to establish Aarogya or Dhatusamyam which ultimately leads to attainment of Sukha.
+In another discourse, Dhatusamyam (balanced state of body tissues) is defined as  आरोग्यम्। Aarogya. Aacharya Charaka defines विकाराः।  Vikara (diseases) as धातुवैषम्यम्। Dhaatu vaishamya (Imbalance of body tissues).  Dhaatu samyam is labelled as प्रकृतिः । Prakruti or state of equilibrium of the human system. Vikaras are considered as दुःख । Dukkha and consequently the opposite, सुख । Sukha, is considered as the state of absence of vikara. <ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Khuddakachatushpada_Adhyaya Sootrasthana Adhyaya 9 Sootra 4])</ref> Ultimately Dhaatu samyam is referred to as Aarogyam (Health) and Sukham (Wellbeing and happiness). This clarifies that, the aim of Ayurveda is to establish Aarogya or Dhatusamyam which ultimately helps for attainment of Sukha.
 === व्याधिपरिमोक्षः स्वस्थस्य रक्षणं च ॥ Curative and Preventive Medicine ===
-<blockquote>इह खल्वायुर्वेदप्रयोजनं व्याध्युपसृष्टानां व्याधिपरिमोक्षः स्वस्थस्य रक्षणं च ।। (Sush. Samh. 1.14)<ref name=":1" /> </blockquote><blockquote>iha khalvāyurvedaprayojanaṁ vyādhyupasr̥ṣṭānāṁ vyādhiparimokṣaḥ svasthasya rakṣaṇaṁ ca।। (Sush. Samh. 1.14)</blockquote>Acharya Sushruta opines that, the aim of Ayurveda is व्याधिपरिमोक्षः । Vyadhiparimoksha i.e. to alleviate the suffering of a diseased individual by eradicating the disease and स्वास्थ्यरक्षणम् । Svasthyarakshan i.e to preserve the health of a healthy individual by preventing the diseases. Hence, it is clear that Ayurveda focuses on both the aspects of health namely curative and preventive. The methods of achieving health and longevity by not just treating the diseases but also by prevention of the diseases have been described in Ayurveda indicating its supremacy and the wisdom of ancient Rushis.
+<blockquote>इह खल्वायुर्वेदप्रयोजनं व्याध्युपसृष्टानां व्याधिपरिमोक्षः स्वस्थस्य रक्षणं च ।। (Sush. Samh. 1.14)<ref name=":1" /> </blockquote><blockquote>iha khalvāyurvedaprayojanaṁ vyādhyupasr̥ṣṭānāṁ vyādhiparimokṣaḥ svasthasya rakṣaṇaṁ ca।। (Sush. Samh. 1.14)</blockquote>Acharya Sushruta opines that, the aim of Ayurveda is व्याधिपरिमोक्षः । Vyadhiparimoksha i.e. to alleviate the suffering of a diseased individual by eradicating the disease and स्वास्थ्यरक्षणम् । Svasthyarakshan i.e to preserve the health of a healthy individual by preventing the diseases. Hence, it is clear that Ayurveda focuses on both the aspects of health namely, curative and preventive. The methods of achieving health and longevity by not just treating the diseases but also by prevention of the diseases, have been described in Ayurveda indicating  supremacy and the wisdom of ancient Rushis.
 == त्रिस्कन्ध आयुर्वेदः ॥ Nature and Subject of Ayurveda ==