64 Kalas (चतुःषष्टिः कलाः) - Revision history

Ckanak93: Added Category

2024-05-03T12:26:28Z

Added Category

Ckanak93: Added link to Hindi article

2024-03-28T07:52:55Z

Added link to Hindi article

Ckanak93: Hyperlink

2020-05-25T08:06:17Z

Hyperlink

Fordharma at 09:31, 24 April 2019

2019-04-24T09:31:25Z

P16459: Slideshow replaced by gif

2019-01-31T11:34:24Z

Slideshow replaced by gif

P16459: /* Which are the 64 Kalas ? */

2019-01-31T10:41:04Z

Which are the 64 Kalas ?

P16459 at 10:37, 31 January 2019

2019-01-31T10:37:48Z

P16459: Reverted edits by P16459 (talk) to last revision by Fordharma

2019-01-31T09:27:09Z

Reverted edits by P16459 (talk) to last revision by Fordharma

P16459: Video added instead of slideshow

2019-01-31T09:26:25Z

Video added instead of slideshow

P16459 at 14:36, 30 January 2019

2019-01-30T14:36:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:26, 3 May 2024
Line 311:		Line 311:
	[[Category:Kala]]		[[Category:Kala]]
	<references />		<references />
		+	[[Category:64 Kalas]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Kala (Samskrit: कला) or Art is a vital component of the Ancient [[Bharatavarsha (भरतवर्षम्)|Bharata]]'s Education System. They are disciplines, a student acquires knowledge of, during the course of training in the [[Gurukula (गुरुकुलम्)|Gurukula]]. They are called as Chatusshashti Kalas (चतुःषष्टिः कला-s) since they are 64 in number.
 == परिचयः ॥ Introduction  ==
@@ Line 300: / Line 301: @@
 |}
 <nowiki>*</nowiki>The शब्दकल्पद्रुमः ॥ Shabdakalpadruma mentions प्रतिमाला ॥ Pratimala (Capping verses) instead of प्रतिमा ॥ Pratima (Sculpture)
 == Discussion ==
 The Ancient Bharat's education model aimed at facilitating the four basic duties of a person viz. Dharma (Righteousness), Artha (Livelihood), Kama (Family life) and [[Moksha Dristipath|Moksha]] (Attainment of eternal peace).<ref>Pt. Shri Durgadutta Tripathi, [https://shekharsk.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/64-arts-of-ancient-india.pdf Sixty-four Arts of ancient India], Edited and Translated by – Dr. A.S. Nene</ref> The tradition talks of 18 major vidyas (theoretical disciplines), and 64 kalas (applied or vocational disciplines/crafts).These "crafts" have a direct bearing on day-to-day life of the people and most of them are still a part of the Bharat's life.<ref name=":0" /> It is interesting to note that these crafts are still important means of livelihood. There is a close relationship of these crafts with ordinary life.<ref name=":1">Kapoor Kapil and Singh Avadhesh Kumar, [http://iks.iitgn.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Bharat's-Knowledge-Systems-Kapil-Kapoor.pdf Bharat's Knowledge Systems], Vol.1, NewDelhi: D.K.Printworld, Pg.no.19</ref>

@@ Line 142: / Line 142: @@
 |-
 |26
-|सूचीवापकर्म ॥ Suchivapakarma (Weaving and needle-work of various kinds)
+|[[Textile Technology (तन्तुकार्यम्)|सूचीवापकर्म]] ॥ Suchivapakarma (Weaving and needle-work of various kinds)
 |<nowiki>विविधासनमुद्राभिः देवतातोषणम् || Vividhasanamudrabhih devatatoshana (Propitiation of Gods by various seats and postures)</nowiki>
 |-
@@ Line 311: / Line 311: @@
 == References ==
 [[Category:Kala]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:31, 24 April 2019
Line 311:		Line 311:
	== References ==		== References ==
	[[Category:Kala]]		[[Category:Kala]]
−	~~[[Category:64 Kalas]]~~

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 == Which are the 64 Kalas ? ==
 As mentioned above, there are slight variations regarding the enumeration of the 64 Kalas (arts). The mention of these arts occur in:
-[[File:64Kalas.gif|frame]]
+[[File:64Kalas.gif|frame|320x320px|
 * शैवतन्त्रम् ॥ Shaivatantra
 * महाभारतम् ॥ [[Mahabharata (महाभारत)|Mahabharata]] by Vyasa Maharshi
@@ Line 31: / Line 33: @@
 * शुक्रनीतिः ॥ Shukraneeti by Shukracharya
 * शिवतत्त्वरत्नाकरः ॥ Shivatattvaratnakara by Basavarajendra
 The list of the 64 Kalas in some these texts have been juxtaposed in the following table:
 {| class="wikitable"

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 * शुक्रनीतिः ॥ Shukraneeti by Shukracharya
 * शिवतत्त्वरत्नाकरः ॥ Shivatattvaratnakara by Basavarajendra
 <gallery mode="slideshow" >
 File:Geeta_(Singing).png|Geetam (Singing)

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 == परिचयः ॥ Introduction  ==
-[[Bharatavarsha (भरतवर्षम्)|Bharatavarsha]] (Ancient Bharata's Sub-continent) has always attached great value to knowledge. Talking of Bharata's knowledge tradition, Kapil Kapoor says, ''"India's'' ''knowledge tradition is ancient and uninterrupted like the flow of the river [[Ganga (गङ्गा)|Ganga]]."''
+[[Bharatavarsha (भरतवर्षम्)|Bharatavarsha]] (Ancient Bharata's Sub-continent) has always attached great value to knowledge. Talking of Bharata's knowledge tradition, Kapil Kapoor says, ''"India's'' ''knowledge tradition is ancient and uninterrupted like the flow of the river [[Ganga (गङ्गा)|Ganga]]."''
 Jnana (ज्ञानम् | Knowledge) has been at the center of all speculations in Bharata. There are three terms that appear in all discussions related to knowledge<ref>Kapoor Kapil and Singh Avadhesh Kumar, [http://iks.iitgn.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Bharat's-Knowledge-Systems-Kapil-Kapoor.pdf Bharat's Knowledge Systems], Vol.1, NewDelhi: D.K.Printworld, Pg.no.11</ref>:
@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 * शुक्रनीतिः ॥ Shukraneeti by Shukracharya
 * शिवतत्त्वरत्नाकरः ॥ Shivatattvaratnakara by Basavarajendra
 <gallery mode="slideshow" >
-File:Geeta_(Singing).png|गीतम् ॥ Geetam (Singing)
+File:Geeta_(Singing).png|Geetam (Singing)
-File:Vadya_(Playing_on_various_musical_instruments).png|वाद्यम् ॥ Vadya (Playing on various musical instruments)
+File:Vadya_(Playing_on_various_musical_instruments).png|Vadya (Playing on various musical instruments)
-File:Natya_(Acting,_gesticulation,_mimicry).png|नाट्यम् ॥ Natya (Acting, gesticulation, mimicry)
+File:Natya_(Acting,_gesticulation,_mimicry).png|Natya (Acting, gesticulation, mimicry)
-File:Alekhya_(Drawing,_Painting,_Calligraphy).png|आलेख्यम् ॥ Alekhya (Drawing, Painting, Calligraphy)
+File:Alekhya_(Drawing,_Painting,_Calligraphy).png|Alekhya (Drawing, Painting, Calligraphy)
-File:Mani_bhumika_karma_(Paving_a_floor_with_Precious_stones).png|मणिभूमिकाकर्म ॥ Mani bhumika karma (Paving a floor with Precious stones)
+File:Mani_bhumika_karma_(Paving_a_floor_with_Precious_stones).png|Mani bhumika karma (Paving a floor with Precious stones)
 </gallery>
 Courtesy(images):Book "Sarwang" Published by Adivasi Lok Kala Evam Boli Vikas Academy, Madhya Pradesh Sanskriti Parishad
@@ Line 109: / Line 107: @@
 |-
 |16
-|केशशेखरापीडयोजनम् ॥ Keshashekharapeeda yojana (Ladies hair styling)
+|केशशेखरापीडयोजनम् ॥ Keshashekharapeeda yojana (Ladies hair styling)
 |<nowiki>धात्वादीनां संयोगापूर्वज्ञानम् || Dhatu adinam samyogapoorva jnana (Preparation of alloys)</nowiki>
 |-
@@ Line 129: / Line 127: @@
 |-
 |21
-|इन्द्रजालम् ॥ Indrajala (Jugglery)
+|इन्द्रजालम् ॥ Indrajala (Jugglery)
 |<nowiki>बलदर्पविनाशान्तं नियुद्धम् || Baladarpavinashantam Niyuddha (Niyuddha for destruction of enemy's power and vanity)</nowiki>
 |-
@@ Line 141: / Line 139: @@
 |-
 |24
-|चित्रशाकापूपभक्ष्यविकारक्रिया ॥ Chitrashakapupabhakyavikara kriya (Culinary art)
+|चित्रशाकापूपभक्ष्यविकारक्रिया ॥ Chitrashakapupabhakyavikara kriya (Culinary art)
 |<nowiki>वाद्यसङ्केततो व्यूहरचना || Vadyasanketato Vyuharachana (Formation of battle arrays according to signals given by musical instruments)</nowiki>
 |-
 |25
 |पानकरसरागासवयोजनम् ॥ Panakarasaragasava yojana (Making drinks of various tastes and colours and spirituous liquors of various kinds)
 |<nowiki>गजाश्वरथगत्या युद्धसंयोजनम् || Gajashvarathagatya Yuddhasamyojana (Arrangement of horses, elephants and chariots in war)</nowiki>
 |-
 |26
-|सूचीवापकर्म ॥ Suchivapakarma (Weaving and needle-work of various kinds)
+|सूचीवापकर्म ॥ Suchivapakarma (Weaving and needle-work of various kinds)
 |<nowiki>विविधासनमुद्राभिः देवतातोषणम् || Vividhasanamudrabhih devatatoshana (Propitiation of Gods by various seats and postures)</nowiki>
 |-
@@ Line 175: / Line 173: @@
 |-
 |32
 |नाटिकाख्यायिकादर्शनम्  ॥ Natika Akhyayika darshana (Dramaturgy and story writing)
 |<nowiki>चित्राद्यालिखनम् || Chitradyalikhana (Picture drawing)</nowiki>
 |-
@@ Line 199: / Line 197: @@
 |-
 |38
 |रूप्यरत्नपरीक्षा  ॥ Roopya ratna pariksha (Testing valuable metals and precious stones)
 |<nowiki>सूत्रादिरज्जुकरणविज्ञानम् || Sutradirajjukarana vijnana (Preparation of threads and ropes)</nowiki>
 |-
 |39
 |धातुवादः  ॥ Dhatuvada (Alchemy)
 |<nowiki>अनेकतन्त्तुसंयोगैः पटबन्धः || Anekatantusamyogaih Patabandha (Weaving of fabrics)</nowiki>
 |-
 |40
 |मणिरागज्ञानम्  ॥ Maniraga jnana (Colouring precious stones)
 |<nowiki>रत्नानां वेधादिसदसज्ज्ञानम् || Ratnanam vedhadisadasad jnana (Testing of gems)</nowiki>
 |-
@@ Line 223: / Line 221: @@
 |-
 |44
 |शुकसारिकाप्रलापनम्  ॥ Shuka sarika pralapana (teaching parrots and other birds to imitate human speech)
 |<nowiki>पशुचर्माङ्गनिर्हारक्रियाज्ञानम् || Pashucharmanganirhara krya jnana (Flaying of skins from the bodies of the beasts)</nowiki>
 |-
 |45
 |उत्सादनम्  ॥ Utsadana (Making an enemy quit his place by means of a charm)
 |<nowiki>दुग्धदोहादिविज्ञानम् || Dugdhadohadi vijnana (Milking)</nowiki>
 |-
 |46
 |केशमार्जनकौशलम्  ॥ Keshamarjana kaushala (Cleaning and dressing the hair)
 |<nowiki>घृतान्तम् || Grtanta (Churning)</nowiki>
 |-
@@ Line 244: / Line 242: @@
 |-
 |49
 |देशभाषाज्ञानम्  ॥ Deshabhasha jnana (Fluently talking in the different Bharat's dialects)
 |<nowiki>मार्जने गृहभाण्डादेः विज्ञानम् || Marjane Grhabhandadeh Vijnana (Cleansing of domestic utensils)</nowiki>
 |-
@@ Line 264: / Line 262: @@
 |-
 |54
-|मानसीकाव्यक्रिया ॥ Manasikavya kriya (Reading the thoughts of others and bringing them out in a verse)
+|मानसीकाव्यक्रिया ॥ Manasikavya kriya (Reading the thoughts of others and bringing them out in a verse)
 |<nowiki>वृक्षाद्यारोहणे कला || Vrkshadyarohane kala (Climbing of trees)</nowiki>
 |-
 |55
-|क्रियाविकल्पाः ॥ Kriyavikalpa (Poetry forms)
+|क्रियाविकल्पाः ॥ Kriyavikalpa (Poetry forms)
 |<nowiki>मनोऽनुकूलसेवायाः कृतिज्ञानम् || Manonukulasevayah krti jnana (Knowledge of pleasing in work)</nowiki>
 |-
@@ Line 288: / Line 286: @@
 |-
 |60
-|आकर्षणक्रीडा ॥ Akarshana kreeda (Attracting remote objects)
+|आकर्षणक्रीडा ॥ Akarshana kreeda (Attracting remote objects)
 |<nowiki>गजाश्ववृषभोष्ट्राणां पल्याणादिक्रिया || Gajashvavrshbhoshtranam palyanadi krya (Preparation of saddles for horses, elephants, bulls and camels)</nowiki>
 |-
@@ Line 304: / Line 302: @@
 |-
 |64
 |वैतालिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम्  ॥ Vaitaliki vidya jnana (Keeping goblins and vampires under one's control)
 |<nowiki>ताम्बूलरक्षादिकृतिविज्ञानम् || Tambularakshadi krti vijnana (Making and preservation of betels)</nowiki>
 |}